Effect of Adding High Purity Rare Earth on Primary Carbide in M50 Steel

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2022.677

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2023, Vol. 37

Issue (12): 915-923 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2022.677

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Effect of Adding High Purity Rare Earth on Primary Carbide in M50 Steel

DENG Chaohui¹^,², CHEN Yun¹(

), GONG Tongzhao¹, XU Chuang¹^,², CHEN Xingqiu¹, FU Paixian¹, LI Dianzhong¹

^1.Shenyang National Laboratory of Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

Cite this article:

DENG Chaohui, CHEN Yun, GONG Tongzhao, XU Chuang, CHEN Xingqiu, FU Paixian, LI Dianzhong. Effect of Adding High Purity Rare Earth on Primary Carbide in M50 Steel. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2023, 37(12): 915-923.

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Abstract

The large coarsened primary carbides precipitated from melt during solidification is a main factor that impacts the property of M50 bearing steel. In this paper, the effect of adding a relatively large amount of high purity rare earth on the precipitation of primary carbides is studied, including the La-Ce mischmetal and pure Ce. The characterized casting microstructure demonstrated that adding rare earth can effectively reduce and refine the primary carbides, especially for the ingot with addition of only high purity Ce. The mechanism of the effect of rare earth addition on the precipitation of primary carbides is then revealed. On the one hand, the added rare earth modified the traditional inclusions into the compound with rare earth, which can be the effective nucleation agent for δ-ferrite and austenite during solidification. And consequently, the dendritic grains and its secondary arm spacing can be refined, which is favor of impeding the diffusion of carbide formation elements in the liquid and then retards the carbide growth. On the other hand, the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that Ce can interact with other elements in the melt and lower the diffusion coefficients of Fe and C, and thus in turn lowers the growth rate of carbide and makes the primary carbides precipitated finer and more dispersive.

Key words: metallic materials M50 bearing steel high purity rare earth primary carbide Ab-initio molecular dynamics simulation

Received: 23 December 2022

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(YFB3501503);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDC04040202);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52031013);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021TQ0335)

Corresponding Authors: CHEN Yun, Tel: 15140153579, E-mail: Chenyun@imr.ac.cn

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	DENG Chaohui
	CHEN Yun
	GONG Tongzhao
	XU Chuang
	CHEN Xingqiu
	FU Paixian
	LI Dianzhong

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2022.677 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2023/V37/I12/915

Fig.1 Quasi binary Fe-C equilibrium phase diagram of M50 steel

Table 1 Composition of the three M50 steel ingots (mass fraction, %)

Fig.2 As-cast microstructure from the edge to the center of M50 steel ingot without rare earth addition (a, b) at the edge of ingot; (c, d) at the half radius; (e, f) at the center

Fig.3 Typical morphology of the blocky and eutectic primary carbides in M50 steel

Fig.4 EDS map scanning analysis results of primary carbide in M50 steel without adding rare earth

Fig.5 XRD diffraction of primary carbide powder in M50 steel

Table 2 Statistical averaged composition of primary carbide using EPMA quantitative analysis

Fig.6 As-cast microstructure at the center of the three ingots with addition of different rare earth

Fig.7 Statistical average of the area of blocky (a) and eutectic (b) carbides in the three ingots with different rare earth additions

Fig.8 Statistics of mismatch between rare earth inclusions and austenite (a) and rare earth inclusion in as-cast structure (b)

Fig.9 Dendritic microstructure in the three ingots

Table 3 Statistics of secondary dendrite spacing in the three ingots

Fig.10 Effect of Ce atoms on atomic dynamics of liquid Fe-Cr-C system

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