KOH Activation of Diatomite-templated Carbon and Its Electrochemical Property in Supercapacitor

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2016.366

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2017, Vol. 31

Issue (5): 321-328 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2016.366

Orginal Article

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

KOH Activation of Diatomite-templated Carbon and Its Electrochemical Property in Supercapacitor

Aijun LI, Xiuyun CHUAN(

), Dubin HUANG, Xi CAO

Key Laboratory of Orogenis Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Cite this article:

Aijun LI, Xiuyun CHUAN, Dubin HUANG, Xi CAO. KOH Activation of Diatomite-templated Carbon and Its Electrochemical Property in Supercapacitor. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2017, 31(5): 321-328.

Download:

HTML

PDF(5034KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

Diatomite-templated carbon was prepared with diatomite as template and furfuryl alcohol (FA) as carbon resource, which was further activated with potassium hydroxide as activating agent. The prepared carbon materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N₂ adsorption. Simultaneously, the electrochemical properties of the porous carbon before and after activation were studied. The results show that the porous carbon after activation has higher degree of disorder in chemical structure and better electrochemical properties rather than the one before activation. The specific capacitance of the porous carbon was in the range from 45.0 to 69.2 Fg^-1 by the current density of 1 Ag^-1 and the capacitance retention remains more than 45% by the current density of 20 Ag^-1. These results show that the porous carbon after activation has good electrochemical performance and it's an ideal material for electric double layer capacitor.

Key words: inorganic nonmetallic materials porous carbon template method KOH activation electrochemical performance

Received: 30 June 2016

Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51274015) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (No.2015M580915)

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	（）
	Articles by authors
	Aijun LI
	Xiuyun CHUAN
	Dubin HUANG
	Xi CAO

URL:

https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2016.366 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2017/V31/I5/321

Table 1 Chemical compositions of diatomite before and after purification (%, mass fraction)

Fig.1 XRD patterns of diatomite, template carbon and activated carbon

Table 2 Structural parameters extracted from XRD spectra

Fig.2 Raman spectrograms of carbon materials before and after activation (a); peak fittings of (b) C-800 and (c) AC-800

Table 3 Fitting parameters obtained from Raman spectra of carbon materials

Fig.3 SEM images of (a) diatom shell of DE; (b) center and (c) edge macropores of diatom shell of DE; (d) carbon pillar of C-800; (e and f) carbon tubes of AC-800

Fig.4 (a) N₂adsorption isotherms of diatomite-templated carbon before and after activation; (b) mesopore size distributions

Table 4 BET measurements and specific capacitances of the samples at a constant current density of 1 Ag^-1

Fig.5 Cyclic voltammograms of (a, c, e) C-X and (b, d, f) AC-X

Fig.6 Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of carbon materials at a constant current density of (a) 1 Ag^-1 and (b) 10 Ag^-1,variations of (c) specific capacitance and (d) capacitance retention with current density

[1]	Sharma P, Bhatti T S.A review on electrochemical double-layer capacitors[J]. Energy Convers.Manage., 2010, 51: 2901
[2]	Zhang L L, Zhao X S.Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes[J]. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38: 2520
[3]	Zhong C, Deng Y D, Hu W B, et al.A review of electrolyte materials and compositions for electrochemical supercapacitors[J]. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44: 7484
[4]	Zhai Y P, Dou Y Q, Zhao D Y, et al.Carbon materials for chemical capacitive energy storage[J]. Adv. Mater., 2011, 23: 4828
[5]	Frackowiak E.Carbon materials for supercapacitor application[J].Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2007, 9: 1774
[6]	Gu W T, Yushin G.Review of nanostructured carbon materials for electrochemical capacitor applications: advantages and limitations of activated carbon, carbide-derived carbon, zeolite-templated carbon, carbon aerogels, carbon nanotubes, onion-like carbon, and graphene[J]. Wiley Int. Rev. Energy Environ., 2014, 3: 424
[7]	Stoller M D, Park S J, Zhu Y W, et al.Graphene-based ultracapacitors[J]. Nano Lett., 2008, 8: 3498
[8]	Futaba D N, Hata K, Yamada T, et al.Shape-engineerable and highly densely packed single-walled carbon nanotubes and their application as super-capacitor electrodes[J]. Nat.Mater., 2006, 5: 987
[9]	Wang K X, Wang Y G, Wang Y R, et al.Mesoporous carbon nanofibers for supercapacitor application[J]. J. Phys. Chem., 2009, 113C: 1093
[10]	Losic D, Mitchell J G, Voelcker N H.Diatomaceous lessons in nanotechnology and advanced materials[J]. Adv. Mater., 2009, 21: 2949
[11]	Noll F, Sumper M, Hampp N.Nanostructure of diatom silica surfaces and of biomimetic analogues[J]. Nano Lett., 2002, 2: 91
[12]	Losic D, Mitchell J G, Lal R, et al.Rapid fabrication of micro-and nanoscale patterns by replica molding from diatom biosilica[J]. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2007, 17: 2439
[13]	Pérez-Cabero M, Puchol V, Beltrán D, et al.Thalassiosirapseudonana diatom as biotemplate to produce a macroporous ordered carbon-rich material[J]. Carbon, 2008, 46: 297
[14]	Liu D, Yuan P, Tan D Y, et al.Effects of inherent/enhanced solid acidity and morphology of diatomite templates on the synthesis and porosity of hierarchically porous carbon[J]. Langmuir, 2010, 26: 18624
[15]	Liu D, Yuan WW, Yuan P, et al.Physical activation of diatomite-templated carbons and its effect on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB)[J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2013, 282: 838
[16]	Dobor J, Perényi K, Varga I, et al.A new carbon-diatomite earth composite adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions and a novel application idea[J]. Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2015, 217: 63
[17]	Yu W B, Deng L L, Yuan P, et al.Surface silylation of natural mesoporous/macroporous diatomite for adsorption of benzene[J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2015, 448: 545
[18]	Wang J C, Kaskel S.KOH activation of carbon-based materials for energy storage[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22(45): 23710
[19]	Liu D, Yuan P, Tan D Y, et al.Facile preparation of hierarchically porous carbon using diatomite as both template and catalyst and methylene blue adsorption of carbon products[J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2012, 388: 176
[20]	Sonwane C G, Bhatia S K.Characterization of pore size distributions of mesoporous materials from adsorption isotherms[J]. J. Phys. Chem., 2000, 104B: 9099
[21]	Biscoe J, Warren B E.An X-ray study of carbon black[J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1942, 13: 364
[22]	Barata-Rodrigues P M, Mays T J, Moggridge G D. Structured carbon adsorbents from clay, zeolite and mesoporousaluminosilicate templates[J]. Carbon, 2003, 41: 2231
[23]	Cuesta A, Dhamelincourt P, Laureyns J, et al.Comparative performance of X-ray diffraction and Raman microprobe techniques for the study of carbon materials[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1998, 8: 2875
[24]	Kyotani T, Nagai T, Inoue S, et al.Formation of new type of porous carbon by carbonization in zeolite Nanochannels[J]. Chem. Mater., 1997, 9: 609
[25]	Tuinstra F, Koenig J L.Raman spectrum of graphite[J]. J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53: 1126
[26]	Wang Y, Alsmeyer D C, McCreery R L. Raman spectroscopy of carbon materials: structural basis of observed spectra[J]. Chem. Mater., 1990, 2: 557
[27]	Wang S Q, Cheng H F, Jiang D, et al.Raman spectroscopy of coal component of late Permian coals from southern China[J]. Spectrochem. Acta Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 2014, 132A: 767
[28]	Sonibare O O, Haeger T, Foley S F.Structural characterization of Nigerian coals by X-ray diffraction, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy[J]. Energy, 2010, 35: 5347
[29]	Sing K S W, Everett D H, Haul R A W, et al. Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984)[J]. Pure Appl. Chem., 1985, 57: 603

[1]	LIU Dongxuan, CHEN Ping, CAO Xinrong, ZHOU Xue, LIU Ying. Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Bowl-shaped C@FeS₂@NC Composites[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(1): 1-9.
[2]	YU Chao, XING Guangchao, WU Zhengmin, DONG Bo, DING Jun, DI Jinghui, ZHU Hongxi, DENG Chengji. Effect of Submicron Al₂O₃ Addition on Sintering Process of Recrystallized Silicon Carbide[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(9): 679-686.
[3]	TAN Chong, LI Yuanyuan, WANG Huanhuan, LI Junsheng, XIA Zhi, ZUO Jinlong, YAO Lin. Preparation of g-C₃N₄/Ag/TiO₂ NTs and Photocatalytic Degradation of Ceftazidine[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(5): 392-400.
[4]	OUYANG Jie, LI Xue, ZHU Yuxin, CAO Fu, CUI Yanjuan. Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production and Carbon Dioxide Reduction[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(2): 152-160.
[5]	ZENG Renfen, JIANG Xiangping, CHEN Chao, HUANG Xiaokun, NIE Xin, YE Fen. Effects of Er³⁺-doping on Performance of Bi₃Ti_1.5W_0.5O₉-Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ Intergrowth Lead-free Piezoceramics[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(10): 760-768.
[6]	YU Moxin, KUAI Le, WANG Liang, ZHANG Chen, WANG Xiaoting, CHEN Qihou. Synthesis of N-Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon and its Adsorption Capacity for Acid Orange 74[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(9): 667-674.
[7]	FENG Kai, L Guangzhe, L Bin. Synthesis and Upconversion Luminescence of Ultrafine (Lu_0.5In_0.5)₂O₃:Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺ Powders[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(8): 591-596.
[8]	LI Wanxi, DU Yi'en, GUO Fang, CHEN Yongqiang. Preparation and Electromagnetic Properties of CoFe₂O₄-Co₃Fe₇ Nanoparticles and CoFe₂O₄/Porous Carbon[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(4): 302-312.
[9]	SONG Yuehong, DAI Weili, XU Hui, ZHAO Jingzhe. Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of g-C₃N₄/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ Composites[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(12): 911-917.
[10]	SONG Guihong, LI Xiuyu, LI Guipeng, DU Hao, HU Fang. Thermoelectric Properties of Mg-rich Mg₃Bi₂ Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(11): 835-842.
[11]	XIA Ao, ZHAO Chenpeng, ZENG Xiaoxiong, HAN Yuepeng, TAN Guoqiang. Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of B-doped MnO₂[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(1): 36-44.
[12]	ZUO Cheng, DU Yunhui, ZHANG Peng, WANG Yujie, Cao Haitao. Electrochemical Performance of Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂ Lithium-enriched Cathode Materials Coated with Al₂O₃[J]. 材料研究学报, 2020, 34(8): 621-627.
[13]	XIE Lilan, YANG Dongsheng, LING Jing. Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of Lithium Battery High-Capacity Anode Material TiNb₂O₇[J]. 材料研究学报, 2020, 34(5): 385-391.
[14]	ZHOU Shuyu,JIN Xiaozhe,LIU jia,TIAN Ruixue,WU Aimin,HUANG Hao. Storage and Transport Properties of Sodium-ions of Carbon-constraint NiS2 Nanostructure as Cathode for Na-S Batteries[J]. 材料研究学报, 2020, 34(3): 191-197.
[15]	WU Qiaofeng, ZHANG Fu, YU Yue, ZHANG Meng, YU Hua, FAN Shuanshi. Research Progress on Stability of CsPbI₂Br Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. 材料研究学报, 2020, 34(11): 811-821.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed