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Chinese Journal of Materials Research  2014, Vol. 28 Issue (1): 15-22    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2013.688
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Antibacterial Performance of 17-4PH Stainless Steel
Shuai WANG1,2,Zhijiang LU2,3,Chunguang YANG2,Minggang SHEN1,Ke YANG2,**()
1. School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051
2. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016
3. School of Materials and Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094
Cite this article: 

Shuai WANG,Zhijiang LU,Chunguang YANG,Minggang SHEN,Ke YANG. Antibacterial Performance of 17-4PH Stainless Steel. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2014, 28(1): 15-22.

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Abstract  

The antibacterial performance of 17-4PH stainless steel by different heat treatments was investigated. The results show that aging at 482℃ after cryogenic treatment at liquid nitrogen can effectively improve the antibacterial rate and hardness of 17-4PH steel, and the antibacterial rate increased with the increase of both aging temperature and aging time, but the hardness declined. The cryogenic treatment can promote the decomposition of the martensite, and then the dislocation density in 17-4PH steel become larger, which could increase the Cu-rich precipitations in the steel matrix and improve the antibacterial performance of the steel. An optimal antibacterial heat treatment procedure for 17-4 PH steel is recommended as solution treatment at 1040℃/0.5 h+cryogenic treatment/0.5h+aging at 482℃/6 h.
Key words:  metallic materials      17-4PH steel      antibacterial performance      Cu-rich precipitation      cryogenic treatment      hardness     
Received:  22 September 2013     
Fund: *Supported by National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China No. 2012CB619101, and National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 51371168.
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Shuai WANG
Zhijiang LU
Chunguang YANG
Minggang SHEN
Ke YANG

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2013.688     OR     https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2014/V28/I1/15

Fig.1  Photos of E. Coli colonies after antibacterial test, (a-h) corresponding to the sample a-h, respectively, (i) the reference substance
Number Heat treatment process Antibacterial rate
a 1040℃×0.5 h solution treatment, water cooling, 482℃×4 h aging treatment，air cooling 22.11%
b 1040℃×0.5 h solution treatment, water cooling, cryogenic treatment with liquid nitrogen for 0.5 h, 482℃×4 h aging treatment, air cooling 88.15％
c 1040℃×0.5 h solution treatment, water cooling, 482℃×6 h aging treatment，air cooling 95.23%
d 1040℃×0.5 h solution treatment, water cooling, cryogenic treatment with liquid nitrogen for 0.5 h, 482℃×6 h aging treatment, air cooling 99.58％
e 1040℃×0.5 h solution treatment, water cooling, 552℃×4 h aging treatment，air cooling 95.23％
f 1040℃×0.5 h solution treatment, water cooling, cryogenic treatment with liquid nitrogen for 0.5 h, 552℃×4 h aging treatment, air cooling 99.58％
g 1040℃×0.5 h solution treatment, water cooling, 552℃×6 h aging treatment, air cooling 99.94％
h 1040℃×0.5 h solution treatment, water cooling, cryogenic treatment with liquid nitrogen for 0.5 h, 552℃×6 h aging treatment, air cooling 99.99％
Table 1  Antibacterial rate against E. Coli after different heat treatments
Fig.2  Photos of E. Coli colonies after antibacterial test, (a-h) corresponding to the sample a-h, respectively, (i) the reference substance
Fig.3  TEM images of 17-4PH stainless steel, (a) 482℃ aging for 4 h, (b) 482℃ aging for 6 h, (c) 552℃ aging for 4 h, (d) 552℃ aging for 6 h
Fig.4  EDX spectra of precipitation (a) and matrix (b) in 17-4PH stainless steel (552℃ aging 4 h)
Element Precipitation Matrix
Fe 72.9 76.2
Cr Ni 15.1 4.1 15.1 3.9
Cu 7.8 4.0
Nb 0.1 0.2
Total 100.0 100.0
Table 2  Compositions of the precipitations and matrix in 17-4PH steel (mass fraction, %)
Fig.5  Variation of antibacterial rate against E. Coli with aging time (all samples without cold treatment)
Fig.6  Effect of cold treatment on antibacterial performance for 17-4PH stainless steel, (a) aging at 482℃, (b) aging at 552℃
Fig.7  XRD patterns of 17-4PH stainless steel
Fig.8  TEM micrographs for 17-4PH steel before (a) and after (b) cold treatment
Fig.9  Variation of hardness of 17-4PH with aging temperature (all samples without cold treatment)
Fig.10  Variation of hardness of 17-4PH with aging time (all samples without cold treatment)
Fig.11  Effect of cold treatment on hardness of 17-4PH stainless steel (a) aging at 482℃, (b) aging at 552℃
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