Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Welded Joints of Powder Metallurgy Alloy GH4099

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.509

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (10): 721-733 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.509

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Welded Joints of Powder Metallurgy Alloy GH4099

MAO Huiping¹^,², YANG Shu³, YANG Jia⁴, LU Zhengguan², XU Lei²(

)

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
2 Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
3 School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
4 Beijing Institute of Power Machinery, Beijing 100074, China

Cite this article:

MAO Huiping, YANG Shu, YANG Jia, LU Zhengguan, XU Lei. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Welded Joints of Powder Metallurgy Alloy GH4099. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2025, 39(10): 721-733.

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Abstract

Herein, Clean powders of pre-alloyed GH4099 alloy was firstly prepared via plasma rotating electrode process (PREP), which was subsequently consolidated into powder metallurgy alloy using hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The aquired powders exhibited a normal particle size distribution and good sphericity, whilst, the room and high temperature tensile properties of powder metallurgy alloy reach the level of the corresponding wrought alloy. Electron beam welding (EBW) was employed to join the powder metallurgy alloy, and the microstructure of the welded joints, both as-welded and heat-treated state, was characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). Mechanical properties and residual stress distribution of the joints were also evaluated. The results indicated that heat treatment significantly enhanced the uniformity of the microstructure of the welded joints, promoted the precipitation of strengthening phases, and facilitated a more uniform distribution of elements, effectively reducing post-weld residual stress concentration at the same time. Both of two heat treatment procedures improved the hardness and room temperature tensile strength of the joints, bringing them close to the level of base metal, and also significantly improved the high-temperature ductility. Furthermore, a finite element model was established to predict the residual stress evolution for EMB joints of GH4099 powder metallurgy alloy. The simulation results were consistent with the measured stress distribution.

Key words: metallic materials GH4099 alloy powder metallurgy electron beam welding heat treatment residual stress

Received: 25 December 2024

ZTFLH:

TG441.8

Fund: CAS Project for Young Scientists in Technology Innovation(RCJJ-145-24-39);Basic Research(YSBR-025);Science and Technology Major Project of Liaoning Province(2024JH1/11700027)

Corresponding Authors: XU Lei, Tel: (024)83978843, E-mail: lxu@imr.ac.cn

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2024.509 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2025/V39/I10/721

Fig.1 Diagram of tensile specimen

Table 1 Chemical composition of GH4099 pre-alloyed powder (mass fraction, %)

Fig.2 Morphology of GH4099 pre-alloyed powder (a) powder surface, (b) powder cross-section

Fig.3 Particle size distribution of GH4099 pre-alloyed powder

Fig.4 Microstructure of GH4099 powder alloy by hot isostatic pressing (a-c) and re-HIPed (d)

Table 2 Tensile properties of GH4099 deformed alloy materials^[22]

Fig.5 Tensile properties of GH4099 powder alloy

Fig.6 Microstructure of welded joints (a) as welded, (b) ST+AT, (c) re-HIPed

Table 3 Average grain size of welded joints

Fig.7 SEM images of welded joints (a) as welded, (b) ST+AT, (c) re-HIPed

Fig.8 Element distribution of welded joints (a) as welded, (b) ST+AT, (c) re-HIPed

Fig.9 Hardness curve of welded joints in different states

Fig.10 Tensile properties of base metal and welded joints at room temperature and 900 ^oC (a) yield strength, (b) ultimate tensile strength, (c) elongation

Fig.11 Tensile fracture of welded joints at room temperature: (a) as welded, (b) ST+AT, (c) re-HIPed

Fig.12 Tensile fracture of welded joints at 900 ^oC (a) as welded, (b) ST+AT, (c) re-HIPed

Fig.13 Surface stress of welded joints in different states (a) upper surface-σ_x, (b) upper surface-σ_y, (c) lower surface-σ_x, (d) lower surface-σ_y

Fig.14 Mesh dividing (a) and (b) Gaussian heat source, (c) double ellipsoid heat source

Fig.15 Mechanical properties and thermal properties of GH4099 powder alloy

Table 4 Parameters of each heat source model

Fig.16 Experimental and simulated results of residual stress in welded joints: (a) upper surface-σ_x, (b) upper surface-σ_y, (c) lower surface-σ_x, (d) lower surface-σ_y

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