Effect of δ-ferrite Content on Resistance to Cracking and Nitric Acid Corrosion of Weld Joints for High SiN Austenitic Stainless Steel

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.462

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (9): 641-649 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.462

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Effect of δ-ferrite Content on Resistance to Cracking and Nitric Acid Corrosion of Weld Joints for High SiN Austenitic Stainless Steel

YANG Jingqing¹^,², DONG Wenchao²^,³(

), LU Shanping²(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^3.CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

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YANG Jingqing, DONG Wenchao, LU Shanping. Effect of δ-ferrite Content on Resistance to Cracking and Nitric Acid Corrosion of Weld Joints for High SiN Austenitic Stainless Steel. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2025, 39(9): 641-649.

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Abstract

The effect of the variation of δ-ferrite content of weld seams on the resistance to hot cracking and corrosion in HNO₃ solution of weld joints for a high SiN stainless steel was studied, while weld joints were made with five types of welding wires with different contents of δ-ferrite as filler so that to adjust the Cr and Ni equivalent for the weld seams. Which were then characterized by means of optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) in terms of the influence of δ-ferrite on properties of the weld seams. The results demonstrated that the significant increase in the content of δ-ferrite could reduce the cracking sensitivity of the weld metal. However, if δ-ferrite rich in Cr to certain extent, the possibly existed galvanic effect between which and the austenitic matrix may lead to preferential corrosion of δ-ferrite. As the δ-ferrite content continued to increase, the corrosion rate of the weld seams accelerated. Notably, when the δ-ferrite content exceeded a critical threshold, the δ-ferrite began to form an interconnected network within the columnar dendrite. This morphological transformation resulted in a phenomenon of corrosive spreading, where the corrosion front propagated rapidly across the material. Consequently, the corrosion rate exhibited a slight increase during the latter stages of the process.

Key words: metallic materials high SiN stainless steel weld metal crack resistance nitric acid corrosion resistance δ-ferrite

Received: 22 November 2024

ZTFLH:

TG422.3

Fund: Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0410203)

Corresponding Authors: DONG Wenchao, Tel: (024)23971429, E-mail: wcdong@imr.ac.cn;
LU Shanping, Tel: (024)23971429, E-mail: shplu@imr.ac.cn

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Table 1 Chemical composition of welding wire (mass fraction, %)

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of groove form and size of weld deposit metal (units: mm)

Table 2 Chemical composition of deposited metal with different δ-ferrite contents (mass fraction, %)

Fig.2 FISCO experimental device

Fig.3 Steel plate and weld seam dimensions (a) and weld seam crack length calculation (b)^[15]

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of sampling location and size of corrosion samples

Fig.5 Photos of the welded plate surface after FISCO test (a) 1δ, (b) 7δ

Fig.6 Macroscopic appearance of weld seam cross-section (a1-a4) 1δ, (b1-b4) 7δ

Table 3 Crack length, weld length, and crack rate of weld metal after FISCO test

Fig.7 Microstructure of deposited metals with varying δ- ferrite contents (a) 7δ, (b) 8δ, (c) 10δ

Fig.8 Corrosion rate of different deposited metals (a) and variation of corrosion rate with time (b)

Fig.9 Surface corrosion morphology of weld metal with different δ-ferrite contents after 10 d (a1-c1) and 30 d (a2-c2) (a1, a2) 7δ, (b1, b2) 8δ, (c1, c2) 10δ

Fig.10 Microscopic morphology of corroded pits at high magnification (a) 7δ, (b) 8δ, (c) 10δ

Fig.11 Transverse section morphology of corroded sample (a) 8δ, (b) 10δ

Table 4 Proportion and chemical composition of ferrite and austenite in deposited metals with different δ-ferrite contents

Fig.12 Metallographic photographs of longitudinal sections of 8δ (a1-a3) and 10δ (b1-b3) specimens after corrosion for 10 d (a1, b1), 20 d (a2, b2), and 30 d (a3, b3)

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