Critical Corrosion Factors for J55 Tubing Steel in a Simulated Annulus Environment of CO2 Injection Well

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2023.288

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (4): 308-320 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2023.288

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Critical Corrosion Factors for J55 Tubing Steel in a Simulated Annulus Environment of CO₂ Injection Well

CUI Huaiyun¹, LIU Zhiyong¹^,²(

), LU Lin¹^,³(

)

^1.Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Safety Evaluation of Steel Pipes and Fittings for State Market Regulation, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application, Anshan 114000, China

Cite this article:

CUI Huaiyun, LIU Zhiyong, LU Lin. Critical Corrosion Factors for J55 Tubing Steel in a Simulated Annulus Environment of CO₂ Injection Well. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(4): 308-320.

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Abstract

CO₂-enchanced oil recovery technology has been widely used to enhance the profitability of oil fields. The leakage of CO₂ into the annulus environment results in the formation of strong corrosive annulus fluid there, which is ineluctable. Due to the fluctuations of annulus environmental parameters in the practice, therefore, to simulate the annulus environment in the laboratory may be very difficult. Based on the parameters of the real annulus environment, the impact of total pressure, partial pressure of CO₂ ( $P C O 2$ ), pH value and temperature (T) etc., on the corrosion behavior of J55 steel are investigated by means of numerical simulation in terms of the parameters, electrochemical test and correlation analysis. Results shows that the $P C O 2$ and T are the critical factors influencing corrosion behavior. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r) between $P C O 2$ and charge transfer resistance (R_ct) is -0.623, where the significant level is 0.013 (2-tailed), which means that the R_ct is significantly correlated with the $P C O 2$ . The increasing $P C O 2$ can decrease the pH value of the simulated annulus environment and accelerate the corrosion of J55 steel. The r between T and R_ct is -0.692, where the significant level is 0.004 (2-tailed), which means that the R_ct is significantly correlated with the T. The decreasing temperature can reduce the reaction activity of J55 steel, mitigate the corrosion and restrict the formation of FeCO₃ scale. The initial pH of the simulated solution has a little promoting effect on the corrosion of J55 steel, which may be covered by the effect of T and $P C O 2$ .

Key words: materials failure and protection CO₂ corrosion electrochemical J55 steel annulus environment

Received: 09 June 2023

ZTFLH:

TG172

Fund: Science and Technology Planning Project of State Administration for Market Regulatory(2021-MK020)

Corresponding Authors: LIU Zhiyong, Tel: (010)62333931, E-mail: liuzhiyong7804@126.com;

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Table 1 Chemical composition of J55 steel (mass fraction, %)

Fig.1 Microstructure of J55 steel

Composition	Value
Sulfate / mg·L^-1	3000~15000
NaHCO₃ / mg·L^-1	150~1000
KCl / mg·L^-1	12000~15000
NaCl / mg·L^-1	12000~15000
Inhibitor / mg·L^-1	50~200
$P C O 2$ / MPa	4.00

Table 2 Chemical composition of oilfield water

Parameters	$K H' *$ / 10¹ mol·L^-1·MPa^-1	$K 1' *$ / mol·L^-1	$K 2 *$ / mol·L^-1	$K w *$ /(mol·L^-1)²	ρ_w / g·cm^-3
a₁	2.0302	-7.8294	-15.707	-4.098	1.8105 × 10^-3
a₂	-2.3508 × 10^-2	8.2473 × 10^-3	3.0972 × 10^-2	-3245.2	138.08
a₃	2.6144 × 10^-5	-1.0530 × 10^-5	-4.3124 × 10^-5	2.2362 × 10⁴	-
a₄	-	4.4527 × 10^-4	3.8058 × 10^-4	-3.9840 × 10⁷	-
a₅	-	0.4772	1.166	13.957	-
a₆	-	-0.118	-0.3466	-1262.3	-
a₇	-	-	-	8.5641 × 10⁵	-

Table 3 Modified calculation parameters for equilibrium constant^[23]

Fig.2 Calculated results of pH value for the simulated annulus environment

Fig.3 pH value versus partial pressure of CO₂ at 25^oC

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of electrochemical specimens

Fig.5 Nyquist plots (a) and Bode plots (b) of J55 steel with different total pressure ( $P C O 2$ = 4 MPa, pH = 4, T = 25^oC)

Fig.6 Equivalent circuits for electrochemical impedance spectra with different temperature (a) 25~50^oC, (b) 5~15^oC

Table 4 Fitting results of electrochemical impedance spectra of J55 steel with different total pressure

Fig.7 Polarization curves (a) and fitting results (b) of J55 steel with different total pressure ( $P C O 2$ = 4 MPa, pH = 4, T = 25^oC)

Fig.8 Nyquist plots (a) and Bode plots (b) of J55 steel with different $P C O 2$ (P_total = 9 MPa, pH = 4, T = 25^oC)

$P C O 2$ / MPa	R_s / Ω·cm²	Q_dl × 10^-4 /Ω^-1·cm^-2·s^-n	n_dl	R_ct / Ω·cm²	R_L / Ω·cm²	L / H·cm^-2	C_f / F·cm^-2	R_pore / Ω·cm²
4	7.10	6.23	0.812	56.67	217.9	112.3	1.349	12.77
3	8.36	5.12	0.820	95.87	314.4	233	1.801	12.23
2	7.80	5.12	0.817	115.1	449.2	451.7	1.386	10.84
1	7.871	3.94	0.823	197.8	620.1	640	1.284	22.69
0.1	6.163	2.84	0.847	268.7	933.2	1330	0.3175	25.57

Table 5 Fitting results of electrochemical impedance spectra of J55 steel with different

P C O 2

Fig.9 Polarization curves (a) and fitting results (b) of J55 steel with different $P C O 2$ (P_total = 9 MPa, pH = 4, T = 25^oC)

Fig.10 Nyquist plots (a) and Bode plots (b) of J55 steel with different pH value (P_total = 9 MPa, $P C O 2$ = 4 MPa, T = 25^oC)

Table 6 The fitting results of electrochemical impedance spectra of J55 steel with different pH value

Fig.11 Polarization curves (a) and fitting results (b) of J55 steel with different pH value (P_total = 9 MPa, $P C O 2$ = 4 MPa, T = 25^oC)

Fig.12 Nyquist plots (a) and Bode plots (b) of J55 steel with different temperature (P_total = 9 MPa, $P C O 2$ = 4 MPa, pH= 4)

Table 7 Fitting results of electrochemical impedance spectra of J55 steel with different temperature

Fig.13 Potentiodynamic polarization curves of J55 steel with different temperatures (a) and fitted results (b) (P_total = 9 MPa, $P C O 2$ = 4 MPa, pH= 4)

Number	P_total / MPa	$P C O 2$ / MPa	pH	T / ^oC	R_ct / Ω·cm²	I_corr / μA·cm^-2
PP1	9	4	4	25	56.67	428.00
PP2	9	3	4	25	95.87	201.00
PP3	9	2	4	25	115.1	116.00
PP4	9	1	4	25	197.8	88.00
PP5	9	0.1	4	25	268.7	32.00
pH1	9	4	4	25	56.67	428.00
pH2	9	4	5	25	62.8	386.00
pH3	9	4	6	25	81.5	312.00
T1	9	4	4	5	242.8	95.10
T2	9	4	4	15	116.8	189.80
T3	9	4	4	25	56.67	428.00
T4	9	4	4	40	26.84	1101.30
T5	9	4	4	50	18.3	1422.90
PT1	15	4	4	25	75.18	236.21
PT2	12	4	4	25	70.08	313.92
PT3	9	4	4	25	56.67	428.00
PT4	6	4	4	25	59.40	418.17
PT5	4	4	4	25	67.92	395.23

Table 8 Original data for calculating correlation

	Shapiro-Wilk
	Statistic	Sig. (P value)
P_total / MPa	0.741	0.001
$P C O 2$ / MPa	0.599	0.000
pH	0.421	0.000
T / ^oC	0.736	0.001
R_ct / Ω·cm²	0.837	0.011
I_corr / μA·cm^-2	0.742	0.001

Table 9 Normality test of data in Table 7

Fig.14 Frequency histogram of environmental parameters and corrosion kinetics parameters

		P_total	$P C O 2$	pH	T	R_ct	I_corr
P_total	r	1.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.147	-0.211
P_total	P	-	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.602	0.451
$P C O 2$	r	0.000	1.000	0.232	0.000	-0.623^*	0.692^**
$P C O 2$	P	1.000	-	0.405	1.000	0.013	0.004
pH	r	0.000	0.232	1.000	0.000	-0.078	0.085
pH	P	1.000	0.405	-	1.000	0.781	0.765
T	r	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000	-0.692^**	0.633^*
T	P	1.000	1.000	1.000	-	0.004	0.011
R_ct	r	0.147	-0.623^*	-0.078	-0.692^**	1.000	-0.986^**
R_ct	P	0.602	0.013	0.781	0.004	-	0.000
I_corr	r	-0.211	0.692^**	0.085	0.633^*	-0.986^**	1.000
I_corr	P	0.451	0.004	0.765	0.011	0.000	-

Table 10 Results of Spearman correlation analysis

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