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Chinese Journal of Materials Research  2017, Vol. 31 Issue (2): 152-160    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2016.384
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Effect of Flash Allowance on Microstructure and Properties of Flash Butt Welded Joint for 510 MPa Wheel Steel
Hongbo ZHANG1,Fengliang TAN2,3,Zhiguo CHEN1,2()
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2 Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
3 Postdoctoral workstation of VALIN LY Steel Co.Ltd, Loudi 417000, China
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Hongbo ZHANG,Fengliang TAN,Zhiguo CHEN. Effect of Flash Allowance on Microstructure and Properties of Flash Butt Welded Joint for 510 MPa Wheel Steel. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2017, 31(2): 152-160.

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Abstract  

The effect of different flash allowances on the microstructure and mechanical properties of flash butt welded joint for 510CL wheel steel was investigated. The results indicate that the heat affected zone consists of interfacial zone, coarse grain zone, annealed zone and incomplete annealed zone. The Vickers hardness of interface area is the highest, and the peak hardness range is 201 ~ 219 HV. When flash allowance is lower, interface area mainly consists of blocky ferrite and granular bainite. When flash allowance is moderate, the interface area consists of acicular ferrite with excellent mechanical performance. Excessive flash allowance generates too much heat, and the interface area will mainly consist of widmanstatten structure and granular bainite with poor mechanical properties. The welded joint fracture may be ascribed to the existence of too much widmentstatten structure with high density of mismatch. In order to obtain flash butt joint with good performance, the reasonable range design of flash allowance is 3.5 ~ 5.5 mm.
Key words:  metallic materials      flash allowance      flash butt welding      microstructure      mechanical properties     
Received:  06 July 2016     
Fund: Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No.2016JJ6045)
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Hongbo ZHANG
Fengliang TAN
Zhiguo CHEN

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2016.384     OR     https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2017/V31/I2/152

C Si Mn P S Al Al_s Ni Cr Cu Ti Nb N
≤0.08 ≤0.2 ≤2.5 ≤0.02 ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.004
Table 1  The chemical composition of metal sheet (mass fraction,%)
Sample
No.		 Flash allowance
(mm)		 Flash speed
(mm/s)		 Upset speed
(mm/s)		 Upset allowance (mm)
1# 2.5 5 70 5.5
2# 3.5 5 70 5.5
3# 4.5 5 70 5.5
4# 5.5 5 70 5.5
5# 6.5 5 70 5.5
Table 2  The welding parameters
Fig.1  The flash butt welding principle diagram
Fig.2  Microstructure of 510CL steel plate(F-ferrite,P-pearlite)
Fig.3  Microstructure of heat affect zone for 1# joint: (a) interfacial zone;(b) coarse grain zone; (c) annealed zone; (d) incomplete annealed zone(GB- granular bainite,PF- polygonal ferrite,AF- acicular ferrite,W-widmanstatten)
Fig.4  Microstructures of interfacial zone and coarse grain zone under the different flash allowances: (a) (b) 2.5 mm; (c) (d) 3.5 mm; (e) (f) 4.5 mm; (g) (h) 5.5 mm; (i) (j) 6.5 mm
Fig.5  Microstructures of welded joints under the different flash allowances
Fig.6  The effect of different flash allowances on HAZ width in welded joints
Sample No. Tensile test Cold bend inspection
(D=5a,180°)		 Impact test
(room temperature)
fracture position positive bend back bend Impact AKv / J
1# base metal qualified qualified 36.58
2# base metal qualified qualified 38.25
3# base metal qualified qualified 40.50
4# base metal qualified qualified 38.57
5# weld line unqualified unqualified 13.67
Table 3  The mechanical property of welded joints
Fig.7  The hardness distribution on both sides of the weld line
Fig.8  Microstructure of weld line and fracture morphology for 5#. (a, b) microstructure of weld seam; (c) tensile fracture surface; (d) impact fracture surface; (e) cold bending fracture surface)
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