高温回火对低碳中锰钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.464

材料研究学报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (10): 765-776 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.464

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

高温回火对低碳中锰钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

展之德¹, 刘琪琪¹, 董敬文¹^,², 祁震¹, 罗小兵¹, 柴锋¹, 师仲然¹(

)

1 钢铁研究总院有限公司工程用钢研究院北京 100081
2 武汉科技大学省部共建耐火材料与冶金国家重点实验室武汉 430081

Effect of Tempering Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of a Test Low-carbon Medium-manganese Steel

ZHAN Zhide¹, LIU Qiqi¹, DONG Jingwen¹^,², QI Zhen¹, LUO Xiaobing¹, CHAI Feng¹, SHI Zhongran¹(

)

1 Institute for Structul Steels, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Company Limited, Beijing 100081, China
2 The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China

引用本文:

展之德, 刘琪琪, 董敬文, 祁震, 罗小兵, 柴锋, 师仲然. 高温回火对低碳中锰钢微观组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2025, 39(10): 765-776.
Zhide ZHAN, Qiqi LIU, Jingwen DONG, Zhen QI, Xiaobing LUO, Feng CHAI, Zhongran SHI. Effect of Tempering Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of a Test Low-carbon Medium-manganese Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2025, 39(10): 765-776.

全文: PDF(24295 KB) HTML

摘要:

将低碳中锰钢Fe-4Mn-3.5Ni-2Cu-0.05C-0.018Nb-0.018Ti在860 ℃淬火1 h后水冷，再分别在600、640和670 ℃回火2 h，然后分别用JBN-300C摆锤冲击实验机和WE-300液压拉伸实验机进行冲击实验和拉伸实验。结果表明，在不同温度回火的实验钢，其微观组织均由回火马氏体/铁素体+逆转变奥氏体+新鲜马氏体构成。随着回火温度的提高实验钢的抗拉强度和加工硬化指数随之提高，屈服强度和低温冲击功降低。在600和640 ℃回火的实验钢，其抗拉强度的提高主要依赖相变诱导塑性效应生成的新鲜马氏体，其加工硬化性能随着回火温度的提高而改善。回火温度提高到670 ℃新鲜马氏体的含量显著提高，虽然加工硬化能力和抗拉强度进一步提高，但是实验钢变得硬而脆和颈缩提前，从而使其延伸率降低。低温冲击功降低的原因，一个是逆转变奥氏体机械稳定性降低和相变缓解应力集中的效果减弱，使裂纹形成功降低；另一个是孪晶和块状逆转变奥氏体数量的增多导致断裂模式转变为晶间断裂，裂纹易沿着孪晶界和原奥氏体晶界高速扩展而降低了裂纹扩展功。实验钢中Nb/TiC的析出，有助于晶粒细化。同时，回火温度的提高使富Cu相粗化，使实验钢的屈服强度显著降低。

关键词 ：金属材料, 中锰钢, 逆转变奥氏体, 孪晶, 富铜相

Abstract：

Hot rolled plates of a low-carbon medium-manganese test steel 4Mn (Fe-4Mn-3.5Ni-2Cu-0.05C-0.018Nb-0.018Ti, in mass fraction) were heated at 860 ^oC for 1 h and then water quenching, followed by tempering treated at 600, 640, and 670 °C for 2 h respectively. Next, the effect of tempering process on the microstructure and mechanical property of the steel plates was assessed via SEM+EBSD, XRD, TEM, pendulum impact testing machine and hydraulic tensile testing machine. The results indicate that the microstructure of the steels tempered at different temperatures is composed of tempered martensite/ferrite + reversed austenite + fresh martensite. With the increasing tempering temperature, the ultimate tensile strength and work hardening index increase sequentially, while the yield strength and low-temperature impact toughness decreases sequentially. For tempering at 600 and 640 ^oC, the increase in ultimate tensile strength is primarily due to the transformation-induced plasticity effect formed by a fresh martensite, with the improving work hardening capability of the steel gradually as the temperature rises. For tempering at 670 ^oC, the content of fresh martensite significantly increases, enhancing the work hardening capacity and further boosting the ultimate tensile strength. However, the steel becomes excessively hard and brittle, leading to premature necking and a reduction in elongation. The decrease in low-temperature impact toughness is due to two factors, on one hand the mechanical stability of reversed austenite decreases, weakening its ability to mitigate stress concentrations through transformation, resulting in a reduction in the energy required for crack initiation; on the other hand, the increase of twins and blocky reversed austenite leads to a shift in the fracture austenite grain boundaries, thereby reducing the crack propagation energy. The precipitation of Nb/TiC in steel can help refine the grain size. In addition, the Cu-rich phase coarsens with the increase of tempering temperature, significantly reducing the yield strength.

Key words： metallic materials medium manganese steel reversed austenite twin crystal copper-rich phase

收稿日期: 2024-11-25

ZTFLH:

TG142

基金资助:钢铁研究总院重大基金(23G60320ZD)

通讯作者: 师仲然，高级工程师，18001263520@126.com，研究方向为高强船体结构钢

作者简介: 展之德，男，1997年生，硕士

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2024.464 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2025/V39/I10/765

图 1 4Mn钢淬火和回火后的SEM照片

图 2 4Mn钢的EBSD像和逆转变奥氏体晶粒尺寸分布

图3 4Mn钢的XRD谱和逆转变奥氏体的含量

图4 在不同温度回火的4Mn钢的TEM照片

图5 在不同温度回火的4Mn钢的析出相及其EDS

图6 4Mn钢的工程应力-应变曲线

表1 4Mn钢的拉伸性能

表2 4Mn钢的低温冲击功和剪切断面率

图7 在不同温度回火的4Mn钢在-60 ℃的冲击断口形貌

图8 4Mn钢的示波冲击位移-载荷-吸收能量曲线以及4Mn钢在不同回火温度下的裂纹形成功Wi和裂纹扩展功Wp

图9 在不同温度回火的4Mn钢逆转变奥氏体的STEM图及其EDS谱

图10 用Thermo-Calc软件计算出的钢中Cu的析出量随时效温度的变化[39]

图11 4Mn钢的断后延伸率和n值对应关系以及4Mn钢的加工硬化曲线

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