<strong>GCr15</strong>轴承钢中渗碳体粒径的调控对其硬度的影响

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.424

材料研究学报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (7): 521-532 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.424

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

GCr15轴承钢中渗碳体粒径的调控对其硬度的影响

刘晶¹, 李云杰¹, 秦煜²(

), 李琳琳¹(

)

^1.东北大学轧制技术及连轧自动化国家重点实验室沈阳 110819
^2.中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所绵阳 621900

Influence of Particle Size Control of Cementite on Hardness of GCr15 Bearing Steel

LIU Jing¹, LI Yunjie¹, QIN Yu²(

), LI Linlin¹(

)

^1.State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
^2.Institute of Machinery Manufacturing Technology, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China

引用本文:

刘晶, 李云杰, 秦煜, 李琳琳. GCr15轴承钢中渗碳体粒径的调控对其硬度的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2025, 39(7): 521-532.
Jing LIU, Yunjie LI, Yu QIN, Linlin LI. Influence of Particle Size Control of Cementite on Hardness of GCr15 Bearing Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2025, 39(7): 521-532.

全文: PDF(20887 KB) HTML

摘要:

对GCr15轴承钢进行淬火和高温回火球化处理，再进行淬火和低温回火，研究了这种钢的组织演变和碳化物的粗化机理及其对硬度的影响。结果表明，对这种钢进行930 ℃奥氏体化加水/油淬后进行700 ℃高温回火球化处理，随着回火时间(6、12、24、48 h)的延长球化渗碳体粗大和尺寸均匀，其粗化遵循Ostwald熟化理论；二次淬火(840 ℃保温10 min)和低温回火(160 ℃保温2 h)后部分渗碳体溶解使其含量降低，而在两相区奥氏体化过程中碳化物颗粒溶解且因Ostwald熟化而粗化，使渗碳体的粒径略有增大。用简单高效的淬火和高温回火，可调控渗碳体的球化和粒径。在球化过程中较长的高温回火时间使较大的渗碳体增多，较多的渗碳体在二次淬火和低温回火过程中保留下来，使其平均粒径较大。同时，奥氏体因碳含量较低而更易于转变为马氏体。碳化物的尺寸和间距的增大降低了硬化效果，而马氏体增多则缓解了硬度的降低。

关键词 ：金属材料, GCr15轴承钢, 渗碳体, 球化处理, 淬火, 回火

Abstract：

By spheroiding the GCr15 bearing steel with quenching, high-temperature tempering, secondary quenching and low-temperature tempering, the associated evolution mechanism of the microstructure, especially the coarsening of carbides, and its correlation with hardness was investigated here. The results show that after austenitization at 930 ^oC followed by water/oil quenching and subsequent high-temperature tempering at 700 ^oC for spheroidization, the cementite particulates continuously coarsened and their size became more uniform as the time of high-temperature tempering time (6, 12, 24, 48 h) increased. The coarsening of spheroidal cementite followed the Ostwald ripening theory. After the secondary quenching (holding at 840 ^oC for 10 min) and low-temperature tempering (holding at 160 ^oC for 2 h), part of the cementite dissolved and its content decreased. Due to the dissolving and coarsening of cementite during the austenitization process in the two-phase region, the average size of the cementite was increased compared to that just after the spheroiding. The simple and efficient quenching and high-temperature tempering processes have achieved spheroidization and size control of the cementite. Longer high-temperature tempering time during the spheroidization process resulted in more large cementite particles, nevertheless, more of which could retain for a longer period during the secondary quenching and low-temperature tempering process. This led to a larger average size of the cementite, and at the same time, the lower carbon content in the austenite made it easier to transform into martensite. The increase of carbide size and spacing weakened the hardening effect, while the increase in martensite content could alleviate the decrease in hardness. The hardness of the spheroidized structure and of the secondary quenching and tempering structure basically met the hardness requirements of GCr15 bearing steel. These research can provide a credible reference for the design of the microstructure and properties, as well as the process design of GCr15 bearing steel.

Key words： metallic materials GCr15 bearing steel cementite spheroidization quenching tempering

收稿日期: 2024-10-15

ZTFLH:

TG161

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52101158);国家自然科学基金(52371101)

通讯作者: 秦煜，工程师，yuqin0081@163.com，研究方向为轴承钢组织调控;
李琳琳，教授，lill@ral.neu.edu.cn，研究方向为高熵合金与钢铁材料

Corresponding author: QIN Yu, Tel: (0816)2490543, E-mail: yuqin0081@163.com;
LI Linlin, Tel: (024)83686917, E-mail: lill@ral.neu.edu.cn

作者简介: 刘晶，女，2000年生，硕士

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2024.424 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2025/V39/I7/521

表1 试样的编号和热处理工艺

图1 热锻态GCr15轴承钢的微观组织

图2 一次淬火+高温回火保温不同时间后GCr15轴承钢的SEM照片

图3 一次淬火+高温回火保温不同时间后GCr15轴承钢的XRD谱

图4 一次淬火+高温回火保温不同时间后GCr15轴承钢中球状渗碳体的粒径统计

图5 二次淬火+低温回火后GCr15轴承钢的SEM照片

图6 二次淬火+低温回火后GCr15轴承钢的XRD谱

表2 二次淬火+低温回火后GCr15轴承钢中各相的含量

图7 二次淬火+低温回火后GCr15轴承钢中球状渗碳体的粒径统计

图8 一次淬火+高温回火保温不同时间后GCr15轴承钢的EBSD相组成

图9 二次淬火+低温回火后GCr15轴承钢中元素的分布

图10 GCr15轴承钢的维氏硬度

图11 球状渗碳体平均半径的立方与高温回火时间的拟合曲线

图12 不同热处理的GCr15轴承钢的平均粒径

图13 硬度与马氏体含量和渗碳体尺寸的关系

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