焊接热源模式对<strong>5083-H111</strong>铝合金接头性能的影响

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.140

材料研究学报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (4): 305-313 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.140

研究论文

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焊接热源模式对5083-H111铝合金接头性能的影响

符纯国¹^,², 徐世伟¹^,², 杨晓益¹^,²(

), 李萌蘖¹^,²(

)

^1.昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院昆明 650032
^2.云南省高端轻合金集成计算材料工程重点实验室昆明 650032

Effect of Welding Heat Source Mode on Microstructure and Properties of Weld Joints for 5083-H111 Al-alloy

FU Chunguo¹^,², XU Shiwei¹^,², YANG Xiaoyi¹^,²(

), LI Mengnie¹^,²(

)

^1.Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
^2.Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering for Advanced Light Metals, Kunming 650032, China

引用本文:

符纯国, 徐世伟, 杨晓益, 李萌蘖. 焊接热源模式对5083-H111铝合金接头性能的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2025, 39(4): 305-313.
Chunguo FU, Shiwei XU, Xiaoyi YANG, Mengnie LI. Effect of Welding Heat Source Mode on Microstructure and Properties of Weld Joints for 5083-H111 Al-alloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2025, 39(4): 305-313.

全文: PDF(18019 KB) HTML

摘要:

在焊接热输入相同的条件下对比研究了直流反接的熔化极惰性气体保护焊(Gas metal arc welding，GMAW)中直流脉冲模式(Pulsed gas metal arc welding，P-GMAW)和恒流模式(Constant current gas metal arc welding，CC-GMAW)对5083-H111铝合金薄板焊接接头的成形、微观组织和力学性能等的影响。结果表明：5083铝合金P-GMAW焊接接头成型平整美观，脉冲在一定程度上抑制了焊缝气孔的生成。热输入相同时P-GMAW焊缝内生成的柱状晶面积占比更大，表明P-GMAW热源焊接的熔池温度梯度更大。两种模式焊缝的力学性能相近，接头强度约为288~303 MPa，达到了母材抗拉强度的90%。接头的断裂位置均在焊缝区，断口呈韧性断裂的韧窝形貌，焊缝强度的降低与其粗大的晶粒和气孔缺陷有关。

关键词 ：金属材料, P-GMAW, CC-GMAW, 宏观成形, 力学性能, 微观组织

Abstract：

5083 Al-alloy with high strength, good corrosion resistance and thermal stability, is widely used in welding manufacturing. In this paper, by setting the same welding heat input, the welded joints of 5083-H111 Al-alloy sheets were prepared by gas metal arc welding techniques with the applying either pulsed direct current or constant direct current, respectively. Then the effect of welding techniques on the formation, microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints were studied via metalloscopy, material mechanics testing machine, microhardness tester, and scanning electron microscope with EDS. The results indicate that the pulsed GMAW welds are smoother with better appearance, indicating that the arc pulses can partially inhibit the porosity formation of the weld joints. The area of columnar crystals formed in the Pulsed GMAW welds is larger, indicating that the temperature gradient of the molten pool is larger during pulsed arc welding. The mechanical properties of the weld joints were similar for the two current modes, which presented the joint strengths about 288~303 MPa corresponding to 90% that of the base metal. Fractures of the tensile samples occur in the weld metal, and the fracture surfaces reveal dimples. The decrease of weld strength is attributed to the presence of coarse grains and porosity.

Key words： metallic materials P-GMAW CC-GMAW macro forming mechanical properties microstructure

收稿日期: 2024-04-01

ZTFLH:

TG444

基金资助:云南省基础研究计划(202501AT070354);云南省重点研发计划(202203AE140011)

通讯作者: 杨晓益，副教授，yangxiaoyi@kust.edu.cn，研究方向为先进焊接及电弧增材制造李萌蘖，教授，limengnie@kust.edu.cn，研究方向为金属材料加工集成计算材料工程方面研究

Corresponding author: YANG Xiaoyi, Tel: (0871)65915828, E-mail: yangxiaoyi@kust.edu.cnLI Mengnie, Tel: (0871)65109952, E-mail: limengnie@kust.edu.cn

作者简介: 符纯国，男，1999年生，硕士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2024.140 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2025/V39/I4/305

表1 5083-H111铝合金和ER5087焊丝的主要化学成分

表2 焊接工艺参数

图1 取样示意图

图2 焊接电流电压的波形

图3 宏观成型图

表3 不同焊接模式WZ内的气孔率

图4 WZ截面的偏光组织

图5 组织形貌与G和R的关系

表4 WZ组织的统计

图6 WZ和母材组织

图7 P-GMAW Ⅰ 组织的EDS图

图8 接头截面硬度的分布

图9 焊接接头和母材的应力-应变曲线

图10 断口的组织

图11 WZ和母材的细晶强化效应的统计

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