Regarding the structural instability and poor cycling performance of vanadium-based oxide cathode materials during the charge-discharge processes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries, a series of La³⁺-doped VO₂ materials (La³⁺-VO₂) have been synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. The results of electrochemical measurement indicate that an appropriate amount of rare-earth La³⁺-doping could enhance the rate capability and cycling stability of VO₂ electrodes. When the V:La molar ratio is 2:0.3, the prepared La³⁺-VO₂ electrode exhibits a specific capacity of 160.2 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 0.1 A·g^-1 and a discharge specific capacity of 131.9 mAh·g^-1 with a capacity retention rate of 82% after 100 cycles. The rate capability tests reveal the electrode with a maximum specific capacity of 209.8 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 0.1 A·g^-1 and with a capacity of 60.8 mAh·g^-1 at a high current density of 5.0 A·g^-1, and with a maximum specific capacity of 217.6 mAh·g^-1 when the current density returned 0.1 A·g^-1, showing good reversibility and structural stability of the La³⁺-VO₂ electrodes. The electrode maintains a specific capacity of 52.2 mAh·g^-1 after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A·g^-1 demonstrating good cycling performance even at high current densities. The electrochemical kinetic analysis indicates that the charge-discharge process of the La³⁺-VO₂ electrode is simultaneously governed by both capacitive and diffusion-controlled reactions with the pseudocapacitive contribution percentages of 77% and 88% at scan rates of 0.2 mV·s^-1 and 1.0 mV·s^-1, respectively showing its fast kinetic behavior. The contribution of the capacitive charge storage mechanism ensures the excellent cycling stability of the La³⁺-VO₂ electrode at high capacity and high-rate conditions.