热等静压<strong>SLM Ti-6Al-4V</strong>合金的缺口敏感性

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.463

材料研究学报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (10): 791-800 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.463

研究论文

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热等静压SLM Ti-6Al-4V合金的缺口敏感性

臧涛¹, 杨朋飞¹(

), 赵元¹(

), 高英¹, 鄂世举¹, 刘洋², 齐山贺³, 张烨³, 张嘉振³

1 浙江师范大学工学院金华 321004
2 浙江师范大学数学学院金华 321004
3 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心北京 102200

Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Notch Sensitivity of Ti-6Al-4V Ti-alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

ZANG Tao¹, YANG Pengfei¹(

), ZHAO Yuan¹(

), GAO Ying¹, E Shiju¹, LIU Yang², QI Shanhe³, ZHANG Ye³, ZHANG Jiazhen³

1 College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
2 School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
3 Beijing Aeronautical Science and Technology Research Institute of COMAC, Beijing 102200, China

引用本文:

臧涛, 杨朋飞, 赵元, 高英, 鄂世举, 刘洋, 齐山贺, 张烨, 张嘉振. 热等静压SLM Ti-6Al-4V合金的缺口敏感性[J]. 材料研究学报, 2025, 39(10): 791-800.
Tao ZANG, Pengfei YANG, Yuan ZHAO, Ying GAO, Shiju E, Yang LIU, Shanhe QI, Ye ZHANG, Jiazhen ZHANG. Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Notch Sensitivity of Ti-6Al-4V Ti-alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2025, 39(10): 791-800.

全文: PDF(29024 KB) HTML

摘要:

研究了用激光选区熔化(SLM)制备的Ti-6Al-4V合金经热等静压(HIP)处理后在含缺口(应力集中系数K_t = 3)条件下的高周疲劳性能，并揭示了其对缺口的高敏感性机制。结果表明，虽然HIP处理的SLM Ti-6Al-4V合金静态拉伸强度和硬度都优于锻造态合金，但是在含缺口条件下其疲劳性能显著降低，疲劳极限从锻造态的250 MPa降低到150 MPa。SLM+HIP Ti-6Al-4V合金对缺口高度敏感的原因有：一是SLM+HIP合金的裂纹萌生区呈现准解理断裂的脆性形貌(显著不同于锻造态合金的典型韧性断裂形貌)，使其发生脆性断裂的裂纹更易萌生；二是晶粒尺寸的影响，SLM+HIP合金的晶粒是特有的板条状，其晶粒尺寸(比锻造态合金的)较大。SLM+HIP合金在 X 方向和 Z 方向的平均晶粒尺寸分别为2.34和2.58 μm (显著高于锻造态合金的1.63 μm)，较大的晶粒加剧了对缺口的敏感性，使其在疲劳过程中裂纹更易萌生和扩展。

关键词 ：金属材料, 疲劳性能, 缺口应力集中, Ti-6Al-4V, 激光选区熔化, 热等静压

Abstract：

The block Ti-6Al-4V alloy was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and then subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment. Next, the influence of HIP on the high cycle fatigue performance of the alloy with notch (stress concentration factor K_t = 3) was assessed, while elucidating the mechanisms related with the high notch sensitivity of the SLM+HIP Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results indicate that although the SLM+HIP Ti-6Al-4V alloy exhibits superior static tensile strength and hardness compared to wrought counterparts, its fatigue performance under notched conditions is significantly compromised, with the fatigue limit decreasing from 250 MPa (wrought) to 150 MPa. Further analysis reveals that the high notch sensitivity of the SLM+HIP Ti-6Al-4V alloy may mainly be attributed to two factors: (1) differences in crack initiation mechanisms, i.e., as the crack initiation region of SLM+HIP alloy exhibits cleavage-like brittle fracture morphology, distinctly different from the ductile fracture morphology of the forged alloy, leading to a higher propensity for brittle crack initiation; and (2) the influence of grain size characteristics, namely the SLM+HIP alloy exhibits a unique lath-like grain structure, with an overall larger grain size compared to the forged alloy. Specifically, the average grain size in the X and Z directions is 2.34 and 2.58 μm, respectively, which is significantly larger than 1.63 μm in the forged alloy. This increased grain size exacerbates its notch sensitivity, making cracks more prone to initiation and propagation during the fatigue process.

Key words： metallic materials fatigue performance notch stress concentration Ti-6Al-4V selective laser melting hot isostatic pressing

收稿日期: 2024-11-25

ZTFLH:

TG115

基金资助:浙江省自然科学基金(LQ22A020005)

通讯作者: 杨朋飞，yangpf@zjnu.edu.cn，研究方向为金属增材制造
赵元，副教授，zhaoyuan@zjnu.edu.cn，研究方向为金属疲劳

Corresponding author: YANG Pengfei, Tel: 15608083713, E-mail: yangpf@zjnu.edu.cn
ZHAO Yuan, Tel: 19846764664, E-mail: zhaoyuan@zjnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 臧涛，男，1999年生，硕士

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	臧涛
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	张嘉振
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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2024.463 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2025/V39/I10/791

表1 Ti-6Al-4V合金的成分

图1 试样的尺寸形状和实验方法

图2 Ti-6Al-4V合金的金相组织

图3 Ti-6Al-4V合金在不同条件下的显微硬度

表2 不同状态Ti-6Al-4V合金的静力拉伸力学性能

图4 不同状态下的疲劳寿命S-N曲线

图5 Ti-6Al-4V合金的拉伸断口形貌

图6 疲劳试件断口的宏观形貌和裂纹萌生位置的微观形貌

图7 不同位置的疲劳裂纹扩展的微观形貌

图8 不同状态下Ti-6Al-4V合金疲劳瞬断区的微观形貌

图9 不同状态下Ti-6Al-4V合金样品的晶粒尺寸和微观结构

图10 缺口条件下Ti-6Al-4V合金的裂纹萌生机制

图11 缺口应力集中条件下Ti-6Al-4V合金的断裂模式

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