等温淬火对纳米贝氏体钢的组织和力学性能的影响

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2023.370

材料研究学报

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (4): 279-287 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2023.370

研究论文

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等温淬火对纳米贝氏体钢的组织和力学性能的影响

王玉钊¹, 蒋中华²(

), 贾春妮², 张玉妥¹^,²(

), 王培²

^1.沈阳理工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110159
^2.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Austempered Nanostructured Bainitic Steel

WANG Yuzhao¹, JIANG Zhonghua²(

), JIA Chunni², ZHANG Yutuo¹^,²(

), WANG Pei²

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China
^2.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

王玉钊, 蒋中华, 贾春妮, 张玉妥, 王培. 等温淬火对纳米贝氏体钢的组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2024, 38(4): 279-287.
Yuzhao WANG, Zhonghua JIANG, Chunni JIA, Yutuo ZHANG, Pei WANG. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Austempered Nanostructured Bainitic Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(4): 279-287.

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摘要:

依据Thermo-Calc计算设计了一种成分为Fe-0.8C-2Mn-1.5Si-1.5Cr-0.25Mo-0.25Ni-1Al-0.25Co-0.1V可用于制造钢丝的纳米贝氏体钢，使用热膨胀相变仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸实验等手段研究了等温淬火温度和时间对其组织和力学性能影响。结果表明：这种纳米贝氏体钢低温等温淬火后的组织，由纳米结构的贝氏体铁素体板条、残余奥氏体和少量的马氏体组成。随着等温淬火温度的提高相变速率随之提高，贝氏体铁素体的体积分数增大。随着等温淬火时间的延长，贝氏体铁素体的体积分数增大而过冷奥氏体的量减少，在室温下生成的块状M/A岛的尺寸减小和体积分数降低，碳的配分使过冷奥氏体的稳定性提高，M/A岛中的脆性马氏体比例大幅度降低，拉伸断口由混合型断裂向准解理断裂转变。将这种钢在230℃保温48 h后强塑性匹配最佳，其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到1625和1505 MPa，延伸率达到34.5%。

关键词 ：金属材料, 等温淬火, 微观组织, 力学性能, 纳米贝氏体铁素体, 残余奥氏体

Abstract：

Based on Thermo-Calc calculation, a nanostructured bainite steel, which is suitable for making steel wire, with composition of Fe-0.8C-2Mn-1.5Si-1.5Cr-0.25Mo-0.25Ni-1Al-0.25Co-0.1V was designed. The influence of austempering treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermal dilatometer, and tensile tester in terms of microstructures, thermal and mechanical properties etc. Results show that after austempering at lower temperature, the microstructure of the nanostructured bainitic steel is composed of nanostructured bainite ferrite lath, retained austenite and a little proportion of martensite. With the increase of austempering temperature, the transformation rate and the volume fraction of bainite ferrite increase. As the austempering time increases, the volume fraction of bainite ferrite increases, while the amount of undercooled austenite decreases, and the size and volume fraction of the massive M/A islands obtained at room temperature decrease. Due to the carbon partitioning sufficiently between the bainite ferrite and austenite, the stability of undercooled austenite is improved, and the proportion of brittle martensite in M/A islands is reduced significantly. This induces the transition of tensile fracture from mixed fracture to quasi-cleavage fracture. After being heated at 230^oC for 48 hours, the tensile strength and yield strength of the experimental steel were 1625 and 1505 MPa, respectively, with an elongation of 34.5%, indicating the best match for strength and toughness.

Key words： metallic materials austempering microstructure mechanical properties nanostructured bainite ferrite retained austenite

收稿日期: 2023-07-25

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:辽宁省博士后创新基金(2020-BS-010)

通讯作者: 蒋中华，副研究员，zhjiang12s@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为特殊钢与热处理;
张玉妥，教授，ytzhang@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为金属材料制备工艺

Corresponding author: JIANG Zhonghua, Tel: 18204080610, E-mail: zhjiang12s@imr.ac.cn;

作者简介: 王玉钊，男，1999年生，硕士生

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表1 实验钢的化学成分

图1 实验钢的膨胀量-温度曲线

图2 等温淬火工艺示意图

图3 拉伸试样的示意图

图4 不同等温淬火工艺实验钢的贝氏体相变曲线

图5 不同等温淬火工艺实验钢的SEM照片

图6 在270℃等温淬火后实验钢的典型显微组织TEM明场像

图7 在不同温度淬火等温48h后实验钢局部组织的 EBSD 图

图8 在不同等温淬火后实验钢的XRD谱

表2 在不同等温淬火条件下残余奥氏体的体积分数、残余奥氏体中碳含量和M/A岛的体积分数

图9 等温淬火工艺不同的实验钢的真应力-应变曲线

表3 不同等温淬火工艺实验钢的拉伸性能

图10 不同等温淬火工艺实验钢的拉伸断口SEM照片

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