Since the invention of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by Dr. CW Tang in 1987, researches in related fields have been developed rapidly. Now, small to medium size OLED displays have already been commercialized. Large OLED TVs and OLED lightings have also emerged in real applications. The further development of the OLED technology calls for intensive research on organic light-emitting materials and devices. This report reviewed the most focused issues as well as the main progress in the field of OLEDs in the recent years. It is shown that researchers have paid attentions to both technical innovations and theoretical researches, such as the design of new molecules, developing of new device technology, and understanding of light-emitting and transporting mechanisms of organic semiconductors. The developing trends of organic light-emitting materials and devices are summarized as follows: 1) molecular design for high performance phosphorescent materials; 2) novel fluorescent materials and their light emitting mechanisms; 3) new technologies for high performance white OLEDs; 4) new technologies for solution-processed devices and flexible devices; 5) the influences of molecular packing, disorder and doping on the charge transporting properties of organic semiconductors. Moreover, the current situations and developing trends of international OLED display and lighting industries are discussed.

Star shaped block copolymer POSS-(PMMA-b-PS)₈ was synthesized by a two step process of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with eight functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silisesquioxane POSS-(Cl)₈ as core and poly(methyl methacrylate-b-polystyrene) as arm. The POSS-(PMMA-b-PS)₈ was then sulfonation treated to produce hybrid polymer POSS-(PMMA-b-SPS)₈, which was finally used as the polymer matrix for making proton exchange membranes (PEMs). The examination of conductivity as function of relative humidity for PEMs of high and low hydration status respectively indicated that with longer SPS block length exhibited higher proton conductivity for the PEMs of low hydration status with the same λ i.e. the number of water molecular coupled to sulfonic acid groups. TGA analysis showed that two kinds of PEM all exhibited higher water retention capacity and higher initial decomposition temperature. A well-connected ionic domains in PEM with longer SPS block could be observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The features of molecules motion of chain segments and spins relaxation time T₂ for the PEMs of low hydration status were analyzed by low field nuclear magnetic resonance, and it is found that the well connected ionic domains could be observed also in the PEMs with longer SPS block, which exhibited higher proton spin-diffusion coefficient, therewith higher proton conductivity by low relative humidity.

A millimeter-scale spherical-pore foamed titanium alloy with very high porosity up to 90% has been produced by an improved molten powder foaming method. The compression curve of this foamed alloy includes three phases: the elasticity, the compression plateau and the “densification”. The compression plateau presents a saw-tooth shape due to the brittle failure. During compression test this foamed alloy failed through collapse of pores layer by layer along the compressive stress direction, and the “densification” might be resulted from the accumulation of the collapse debris of pores. Tiny pores on walls of macro-pores are certainly beneficial to the sound-absorbing property for the present foamed titanium alloy, of which the sound-absorbing coefficient is at least about 0.4 in the frequency range of 1500-3000 Hz, and exceeds 0.6 in the range of 3000-6300 Hz and 0.9 by the resonance frequency. In addition, the mechanism related to the sound absorbing in the range of relatively high frequencies may mainly involve the viscous dissipation process.

Surface plastic deformation was applied onto a high Nb containing TiAl alloy by means of high energy shot peening (HESP), and then the influence of surface plastic deformation on diffusion bonding of the high Nb containing TiAl alloy was investigated. The results show that a deformed region with a depth of about 150 μm was produced by HESP. No recrystallization was observed in the deformed region during the bonding process. However, the bonding interface disappeared and large number of recrystallized grains was found near the bonding interface after post bonding heat treatment (PBHT) process. The results of shear test at room temperature reveal that HESP was beneficial to lower the bonding temperature and to ensure a shear strength 420 MPa for the bonding joints.

Silicon steel thin strip was firstly surface shot peened, then cold rolled and finally siliconized by pack cementation process, The microstructural evolution was examined of the steel with the treatment processing. Results show that shot peening can induce the formation of noncrystalline (about 10nm in size) in the top surface layer, the grain size of the noncrystalline increases slightly after cold rolling. A compound layer can be obtained after siliconizing at 500^oC in Si powder+halide on the shot peened and cold roll steel strip, its thickness increases with the increasing temperature and holding time, however on which the halide content exhibits little effect. After siliconizing at lower temperature the compound layer consists of single phase Fe₃Si, and the increase of temperature, holding time and halide content is helpful for the formation of FeSi phase.

HFPA6/mMCA and HFPA6/MCA composites were prepared by means of molten blending the high flow-ability polyamide 6 (HFPA6) with the graphene oxide modified melamine cyanuric (mMCA) and the unmodified melamine cyanuric (MCA) respectively. The structure of MCA and mMCA, as well as the flame retardant properties, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the two HFPA 6 composites were characterized. Results show that the flame retardancy, tensile strength, flexural strength and charring of the HFPA6/mMCA composite are superior to that of the HFPA 6/MCA composite, while the impact strength of HFPA6/mMCA composite is slightly lower. When the content of flame retardants mMCA is 14%, the flame retardancy of HFPA6/mMCA composite reaches the UL 94 V-0 rating.

Si₃N₄ ceramics with preferential texture along a or b axis were shaped up by gel-casting in a magnetic field of 6T and then pressureless sintered. Effect of the sintering temperature and time on the texture formation of the Si₃N₄ ceramics was investigated. It was found that the phase transformation of α to β was completed for the Si₃N₄ ceramics prepared by the present process. With the increasing sintering temperature the texture formation of Si₃N₄ ceramics may be enhanced, i.e. of which the degree of texture increased from 0.40 at 1700℃ to 0.76 at 1800℃. The extension of sintering time at 1750℃ had few effect on texture development of Si₃N₄ ceramics.

Nano melamine phosphate (NMP) flame retardant was synthesized using melamine and phosphoric acid as reagents by means of a solvothermal method. The prepared NMP was then characterized by means of Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Effect of solvents, different kinds of surfactants (i.e. SDS, CTAB and NP), reaction temperature and time on the morphology of reaction product was investigated. It is found that the NMP can only be obtained by using benzene as a solvent. If distilled water and anhydrous ethanol were used as solvent, the particle size of the product is in micro scale. As reaction temperature or reaction time increases, the morphology of the products changes greatly. Moreover, types of surfactants have a great influence on the morphology of the products. Moreover, The polyethylene glycol toughened phenolic foam with addition of NMP exhibits a flexural strength 39% higher than that with addition of micro MP.

Layered double oxide (LDO) as a heavy metal ions removal agent was acquired by calcining Mg-Al containing layered double hydroxide (LDH) and then the performance of the LDO for removal heavy metal ions was assessed in solutions with single Cu²⁺ or Cr(VI) and with mixture of Cu²⁺ and Cr(VI). The spent adsorbents were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM to clarify the co-adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) and Cu²⁺ on the LDO. The results show that the co-adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Cr(VI) on the LDO can be ascribed to a synergistic effect of multiple interactions: apart from the “Jahn-Teller” effect of Cu²⁺ and many-body terms to hydrogen bonds interaction, there may exist effects such as hydration, electrostatic interaction and coordination etc in the system Cu²⁺-CrO₄^2–-LDO, which enhanced the co-precipitation and subsequent precipitation on the adsorbent surface, therewith, the synergistic effect promoted the formation of Cu²⁺-CrO₄^2–-LDO hybrids.

Magnetic characteristics of the as-quenched fully and partially amorphous Al₈₅Ni₅Y₄Fe₂Co₂ alloy were measured by VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer). The results show that the magnetization curves of the two alloys pass the origin of coordinates and extend through the first and the third quadrants, no remanence and coercivity were observed. The magnetism of the fully and partially amorphous alloys is all a combination of paramagnetism and diamagnetism. The magnetic susceptibility of the fully amorphous alloy is 2.41×10^-4 and that of the partially amorphous alloy is 2.73×10^-4. The magnetisms of the alloys annealed at 330℃and 390℃ were also tested respectively. The magnetic susceptibility of the linear portion of the magnetization curve increases from 2.53×10^-4 to 2.81×10^-4 as the annealing temperature rises from 330℃ to 390℃. The hybrid microstructures of the alloys may account for the evolution of the corresponding magnetisms.

Combustion characteristic in growth chamber for preparation of single crystal with hydro-oxygen flame fusion method was investigated. The results show that along the centerline of growth chamber a peak temperature 3504.3 K could be reached when the flow rates of oxygen and hydrogen were 6 L/min and 20 L/min respectively. With the increasing hydrogen flow rate, the temperature of the center and the diameter of the central flame increased gradually in the chamber. With the increasing oxygen flow rate, the position of the peak temperature gradually moved down, which downward moved 5 mm when the central oxygen flow rate increased for 1 L/min, while the average temperature rose 230℃ at a distance 110 mm to the nozzle. The diameter of hydrogen distribution circle had little effect on the center and radial temperature distributions, the central oxygen impact and the ignition position of the flame. As a result, the optimal position for single crystal growth could be easily acquired for the preset flow rates of the two gases and .