Three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering scaffolds were prepared by compounding nanocellulose with polyacrylic cationic polymer and polyethylene amine cationic polymer respectively. The structural morphology of the scaffolds was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The influence of the relative molecular mass and dosages of the polymers on the pore structure of the scaffolds was investigated, while a new method for fast measuring the porosity of the scaffolds was established based on SEM image processing. The water retention value (WRV) of the scaffolds was also measured. Results show that the porosity of all the nanocellulose 3D tissue engineering scaffolds is larger than 90％. The porosity value obtained by the new image processing method is close to that measured according to Archimedes principle with a difference less than 5%, which indicated that this method was reliable. All the 3D scaffolds have high WRV (>200％). Both the porosity and WRV of the 3D scaffolds can be adjusted by varying the species and dosage of polymers. Therewith the nanocellulose 3D tissue engineering scaffolds may optionally be prepared to meet the requirement for tissue and cell culture.

Three high-performance continuous fibers PBO, Armos and Twaron were on-line modified by atmospheric air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. Then the modified fibers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), measurements of single fiber tensile strength (SFTS) and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) in terms of their surface chemical composition, morphology, roughness and tensile strength, as well as interfacial adhesion properties of fiber reinforced composites respectively. Results showed that the oxygen and nitrogen content, and the roughness of fiber surface after DBD plasma modification with PBO, Armos and Twaron were all increased, and the ILSS of their composites were enhanced by 18.6%, 10.2% and 24.8%, respectively. However, it is important to note that there were significant differences in the increment of oxygen and nitrogen content as well as the etching effect of the surface for the three modified fibers, which might be related to the difference of their molecular structures and thermal performances. Apparently, the atmospheric air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment is proved to be an effective means to improve the surface performance of the fibers while no harm to their SFTS and thereby the ILSS of the composite composed of a resin with the three fibers may obviously be enhanced.

Electroless Cu plating process has been studied in order to coat three kind of ceramic particles of different size. It is found that the amount of complexing agent addition in the plating bath should be adjusted corresponding to the size of the coated particles to obtain coatings with acceptable quality. However, all the three kind of ceramic particles show more or less the same behavior during plating. Mechanical properties of the SiCp/Fe、TiNp/Fe and TiCp/Fe composites containing reinforcing particulates with and without Cu coating respectively were measured comparatively. Results show that the mechanical properties of all the three composites with Cu coated reinforcing particles are superior significantly to their counterparts. However the highest enhancement of tensile strength induced by Cu coated particles was observed for the TiNp/Fe composite, but not for the SiCp/Fe composite, which showed the highest tensile strength among the three composites with raw ceramic particles without Cu-coating. It is clear that the defects at the interfaces of particles and matrix should be a determining factor affecting the tensile strength of the composite. Similarly, the larger content of particles with Cu coating in the composite is, the higher enhancement in mechanical properties may be expected. Moreover, microstructure analysis also indicates that the copper coating on particles could effectively avoid the direct contact of particles and reduce defects formed at the interfaces between the particles and matrix.

Thin 4A60 Al-alloy clad 08Al-steel strips were made by cold rolling with different reduction rates. The clad strips were then brazed with a thin film of 3003 Al-alloy. The interfacial bonding strength of aluminum to steel was evaluated by tensile shearing test in order to determine critical rolling reduction of thin aluminum clad steel sheets. The fracture morphology and element distribution were observed and analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), respectively. Finally, a minimum bonded reduction of 35% was suggested and the stable reduction of 50% was proposed based on the measured bonding strength and the observed fracture morphology.

The order of reactions for Mg-B₂O₃-TiO₂ system was determined by thermodynamic calculation. Then the composition and morphology evolution of the product prepared by self-propagating high temperature synthesis were analyzed in terms of reaction zones of the process by Cu wedge combustion wave quenching method. The formation and growth mechanism of the TiB₂ crystal grains was investigated as well. The results of thermodynamic calculation show that in the process of SHS reaction B and MgO were firstly obtained by reduction reaction between Mg and B₂O₃, then Ti and MgO was obtained by reduction reaction between Mg and TiO₂; finally B reacts with Ti to form TiB_2. In this process, the formation possibility of the intermediate products decreases corresponding to the following order: Ti₃O₅、Ti₂O₃ and TiO. The experimental results show that no intermediate products may be detected in the combustion center, where the reaction was entirely complete; however in zones near the center or at the edge there existed a small amount of Ti₂O₃ and TiO, where temperature was not high enough for completing the reaction; at the bottom zone of the combustion there existed a little Ti₃O₅, where temperature was too low for the reaction. Therefore, thermodynamic prediction coincides well with experimental results. It follows that during the reaction process of SHS, MgO firstly nucleates and grows up, while TiB₂ may form through tow ways, by one way TiB₂ nucleates on MgO crystals, and then grows into tiny particles as the rising temperature; by the other way TiB₂ independently nucleates and grows up into hexagonal crystal in between large MgO crystals. The growth of TiB₂ follows typical L-S mechanism; B and Ti alternatively gather and grow up to form hexagonal crystal.

The compounds of tetragonal Ba₄In₂O₇ were synthesized by self-propagating combustion synthesis method from raw materials of Ba(NO₃)₂, In(NO₃)₃ and Glycine. The effect of synthesis conditions on the formation and photocatalytic activity of the compounds was investigated. The synthesized Ba₄In₂O₇ was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) and N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), respectively. With rhodamine B (RhB) as a model degradation compound, the effect of calcinations temperature (T), calcinations time (t), Ba to In molar ratio (Ba/In), Glycine to metal ion molar ratio(G/M) and the initial concentration of RhB on the photocatalytic activity of Ba₄In₂O₇ was investigated. The results show that the synthetic Ba₄In₂O₇, prepared by conditions of T=800℃, t=1 h, Ba/In= 2∶1 and G/M=2∶1, has tetragonal structure, higher purity and excellent photocatalytic activity. The RhB (5 mg/L) can be completely decomposed in 3 h under lighting of a high pressure mercury lamp (125 W), and the decolorization rate of RhB can reach 96.5%. The degrading process fits the first-order kinetic model.

A Ag-glass fiber composite was prepared by a two step process i.e. the glass fibers were pre-plasma treated and then dipped in a nano-Ag suspension. Results of SEM, AFM and XRD examinations indicate that Ag coating on the glass fiber has good overall properties with well uniform appearance. In comparison with the conventional electroless plating method, the present approach is novel and facile. After the oxygen plasma treatment of glass fibers, multiple active hydroxyl groups on its surface exhibit strong adsorption capacity to Ag. The coating thickness could be easily adjusted by the dipping time. Moreover, there exist abundant Ag particles with high specific surface energy on the surface of the prepared Ag-glass fibers.

Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin films were fabricated using mid-frequency AC magnetron sputtering deposition with variable oxygen flow rate and sputtering current. The influence of processing parameters on the electronic properties of the films was investigated by means of analyses of XRD and XRF, as well as Hall Effect measurement. The results show that all the samples are amorphous with compositions roughly equal to that of the target. The change of sputtering current had no significant effect on the electronic properties. But the carrier concentration of the samples exhibited an obvious change as the increase of the O₂ flow rate, which slightly increased and then rapidly decreased. The samples with higher carrier concentration exhibited larger Hall mobility. The average transmission of the IGZO thin films deposited with large O₂ flow rate is above 90%.

Ingots of SmFe₁₀Mo₂ and SmFe₁₀Mo_1.5B_0.5 alloys were made by arc-melting method and followed by annealing treatment, with which nanocrystalline powders of the alloys were prepared by milling. While the effect of B-doping and ball milling on the phase composition and magnetic properties of the bulk and the nanocrystalline particles of SmFe₁₀Mo_1.5B_0.5 alloy was investigated. It has been found that B-doping did not alter the crystallographic structure of the phase ThMn₁₂ in the alloy, but remarkably increased its Curie temperature from 270 ^oC to 334 ^oC. Due to the inhomogeneity of alloy compositions, correspondingly, in its thermal magnetic curve there exist two abrapt changes related with phase transformation . The post ball milling process could induce the occurrence of precipitates of Mo and α-Fe, which in turn reduce the amount of the ThMn₁₂ phase and promote the formation an non magnetic phase of Mo₂FeB₂. As a result, with the progress of ball milling process the intrinsic coercive force decreased and the saturation magnetization increased first and then decreased of the SmFe₁₀Mo_1.5B_0.5 powders. However, the nanocrystalline particles of SmFe₁₀Mo_1.5B_0.5 alloy milled for 0.5h exhibit optimal magnetic properties: _iH_c=2.2kOe and M_s=4.3kGs.

The corrosion behavior of pure copper in simulated acid rain of different pH was investigated by using electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as SEM. The results show that the impedances of pure copper in simulated acid rain of different pH present various characteristic, indicating the different corrosion mechanisms. The results of XPS show that cuprous oxide only form on the surface of pure copper in pH=3 solution and cupric oxide only exist in pH=5 solution as well as the mixture of both oxides appear in pH=6 solution. The diffusion of O₂ and H⁺ through solution may influence the corrosion process of pure copper. In low pH solution, the diffusion of dissolved oxygen through double electric layer is the rate-controlling step due to the promotion of the hydrogen ion. With increase of pH value, the oxygen of depolarization effect mainly control the corrosion process of pure copper without the effect of hydrogen ion.

The carbon fibers were pre-treated by means of ultrasonic irradiation in water, immersion in nitric acid without and with ultrasonic irradiation, respectively. Then the effect of the surface pre-treatments on the microstructure, surface chemical and phase composition, the multifilament tensile strength of carbon fibers as well as the microstructure and mechanical property of the carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites were investigated. Results show that carbon fiber surfaces can be modified effectively by nitric acid oxidation with ultrasonic irradiation. Thereinto, the nitric acid treatment increases the roughness and the amount of oxygen-containing functional groups of carbon fiber surfaces, while the ultrasonic irradiation leads to a good dispersity of carbon fibers and the increase of the specific surface area and the oxygen-containing functional groups of carbon fiber surfaces. Moreover, the combined effect of the nitric acid oxidation and the ultrasonic cavitations could enhance the oxidizing and etching of the carbon fiber surfaces, which consequently may act as "mechanical anchor" and chemically active sites for enhancing the bonding between carbon fiber and resin matrix, and which further improves the mechanical property of the resulting composites significantly.

The thermal stability of the main constructive materials for Li(Ni_xCo_yMn_z)O₂/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ batteries was evaluated using a C80 micro calorimeter. The thermal decomposition of anode and cathode, the heat of reactions of electrolyte with anode and cathode, and the heat of reactions of an integral cell were characterized. It follows that with rising temperature the system of anode Li(Ni_xCo_yMn_z)O₂/electrolyte undergoes two exothermic processes with a total heat generation of -526.0 Jg^-1 and activation energy of 273.8 kJmol^-1; while the system of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/electrolyte undergoes four exothermic processes with a total heat generation of -291.5 Jg^-1 and activation energy of 61.8 kJmol^-1; the reaction processes for an integral cell are the overlap of the reaction processes occurred in the two half cells Li(Ni_xCo_yMn_z)O₂/electrolyte and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/electrolyte. The heat runaway phenomenon is triggered by the reactions of the anode/electrolyte, while, of which the main heat source may come from the reactions of the cathode/electrolyte.