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Chinese Journal of Materials Research  2017, Vol. 31 Issue (3): 219-225    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2016.318
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Effect of Two Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polymers as Modifier on Intumescent Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Property of Polypropylene Based Composites
Jing JIN1(),Hao WANG2,Zhongjun SHU1,Lingang LU3
1 Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy, Langfang 065000, China
2 Graduates College, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy, Langfang 065000, China
3 Department of Science and Technology, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Academy, Langfang 065000, China
Cite this article: 

Jing JIN,Hao WANG,Zhongjun SHU,Lingang LU. Effect of Two Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polymers as Modifier on Intumescent Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Property of Polypropylene Based Composites. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2017, 31(3): 219-225.

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Abstract  

To improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of iso-polypropylene (iPP), composites of iPP/poly(ethylene-co-octene)/intumescent flame retardant (iPP/POE/IFR),were prepared by melt-extrusion process with a twin-screw extruder. And then their flame retardancy and mechanical properties were investigated systematically. Particularly, the effect of two typical compatibilizers, i.e. maleic anhydride grafted polymers of POE-g-MAH and PP-g-MAH, on the properties of the composites was examined in detail. The results show that IFR is efficient for improving the flame retardancy of the iPP blend, while harmful to their mechanical properties. By comparing with the composite without compatibilizer, the addition of 1%(mass fraction) compatibilizer can improve significantly the flame retardency and mechanical properties for the composites. Furthermore, pp-g-MAH is more effective in improving the flame retardency, while POE-g-MAH is preferable to enhance the mechanical properties. The optimized comprehensive properties are resulted from the fine dispersion of the intumescent flame retardant.
Key words:  composite      flame retardant and mechanical properties      blending and composites      compatibilizer     
Received:  07 June 2016     
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21472241), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (No.2013015) and Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No.B2015507044)
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Jing JIN
Hao WANG
Zhongjun SHU
Lingang LU

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2016.318     OR     https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2017/V31/I3/219

Sample Mass fraction/% LOI
/%		 Tensile strength
/MPa		 Impact strength
/kJm-2
iPP POE IFR POE-g-MAH PP-g-MAH
iPP 100 0 0 0 0 17.8 39.1 2.0
iPP/POE 80 20 0 0 0 20.0 34.8 18.5
IFR-0 80 20 20 0 0 27.0 24.5 4.6
IFR-c1 80 19 20 1 0 28.8 27.5 6.6
IFR-c5 80 15 20 5 0 29.0 28.5 8.9
IFR-p1 79 20 20 0 1 28.8 25.1 5.1
IFR-p5 75 20 20 0 5 28.8 26.8 5.4
Table 1  Proportion and combustion properties tested by LOI and UL94 of iPP/POE/IFR composites
Sample TTI
(s)		 PHRR
(kW/m2)		 MHRR
(kW/m2)		 MMLR
(g/s)		 av-EHC
(MJ/kg)
iPP 69 643.1 345.2 0.07 39.4
iPP/POE 76 663.8 353.9 0.07 40.2
IFR-0 70 344.7 200.0 0.04 37.8
IFR-c1 72 316.0 177.4 0.03 40.2
IFR-c5 73 390.1 210.7 0.04 42.4
IFR-p1 58 240.6 152.9 0.03 38.5
IFR-p5 59 283.0 177.8 0.03 37.5
Table 2  Cone calorimetric data of pure iPP and iPP/POE/IFR composites under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2
Fig.1  HRR (Heat Release Rate) curves for pure iPP and iPP/POE/IFR composite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2
Fig.2  Macroscopic morphologies of carbon layer after cone calorimetric test

(a) IFR-0; (b) IFR-c1; (c) IFR-p1; (d) IFR-c5; (e) IFR-p5

Fig.3  SEM images of the residue after cone calorimetric test

(a) IFR-0; (b) IFR-c1; (c) IFR-p1; (d) IFR-c5; (e) IFR-p5

Sample TSR
(m2/m2)		 av-COY
(kg/kg)		 av-CO2Y
(kg/kg)		 av-SEA
(m2/kg)		 p-COY
(kg/kg)		 p-CO2Y
(kg/kg)		 p-SEA
(m2/kg)
iPP 1965.7 0.03 2.76 442.3 0.12 11.2 4087.7
iPP/POE 1709.2 0.04 2.83 471.5 0.12 11.5 4257.3
IFR-0 2348.1 0.04 2.45 551.9 0.11 5.7 3934.6
IFR-c1 1861.6 0.03 2.18 380.7 0.09 5.2 3500.0
IFR-c5 2853.4 0.04 2.5 676.5 0.12 6.3 4285.1
IFR-p1 1264.7 0.04 2.22 244.6 0.08 4.3 1429.2
IFR-p5 2044.2 0.04 2.4 486.8 0.10 4.6 2582.0
Table 3  Cone calorimetric smoke data of pure iPP and iPP/POE/IFR composite under a heat flux of 35 kW/m2
Fig.4  SEM images of fractured surface after Izod impact tests (a) IFR-0; (b) IFR-c1; (c) IFR-p1; (d) IFR-c5; (e) IFR-p5. (a-e) lower magnification, (a1-e1) higher magnification
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