Competition between Flow Softening and Strain Hardening during Thermal Deformation of 9310 Steel

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.376

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (8): 592-602 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.376

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Competition between Flow Softening and Strain Hardening during Thermal Deformation of 9310 Steel

LI Jiajun¹, XU Yong², TU Zeli¹, HUANG Long¹, WEI Ke¹, DONG Xianjuan¹(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
^2.School of Civil Aviation (Flight), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China

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LI Jiajun, XU Yong, TU Zeli, HUANG Long, WEI Ke, DONG Xianjuan. Competition between Flow Softening and Strain Hardening during Thermal Deformation of 9310 Steel. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2025, 39(8): 592-602.

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Abstract

The isothermal thermal compression behavior of 9310 steel was assessed via Gleeble-3800 thermal simulation testing machine by applied pressing force up to 70% of the maximum value, with a range of strain rate 0.01-50 s^-1 at 1000-1200 ^oC, in terms of variation of the flow softening and strain hardening of 9310 steel by large strain (0.7-1.2). Then, the mechanism related with the competition of flow softening and strain hardening was clarified in combination with the microstructure evolution. The results show that the flow softening and strain hardening behavior of 9310 steels are affected by different factors in the range of different deformation parameters. When deformed within high temperature range (1080-1200 ^oC), the microstructure evolution is dominated by dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and the flow softening and strain hardening are mainly affected by the strain rate. The softening mechanism at high strain rate (5-50 s^-1) is DRX; The pinning effect of carbides is the main hardening mechanism at low strain rate (0.01-5 s^-1). When deformed within lower temperature range (1000-1080 ^oC), flow softening and strain hardening are significantly affected by strain rate and deformation temperature. With the increase of strain rate and the decrease of deformation temperature, the degree of strain hardening decreases gradually, and the influence of deformation thermal effect gradually increases. The hardening behavior by high strain rate at low temperature is related to the coarsening of DRX grains. There are a large number of original deformation austenite grains by high strain rate at low temperature, while the microstructure evolution is mainly dynamic recovery (DRV), and the flow softening is the result of the joint action of deformation heat effect and DRV. The observation of the deformed water-cooled structure and EBSD analysis showed that the DRX grains tended to form a typical martensite multi-level structure during the course water-cooling with phase transformation, however, which may be destroyed by the higher dislocation density in the original deformed austenite grains, thereby resulting in chaotic and disordered martensite morphology.

Key words: basic discipline of materials science 9310 steel isothermal compression flow softening dynamic recrystallization martensite

Received: 02 September 2024

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52465047);Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20224BAB204045);Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232BAB204050);Nanchang Hangkong University Graduate Innovation Special Fund Project(2030009306114)

Corresponding Authors: DONG Xianjuan, Tel: 13397080873, E-mail: dxj3@163.com

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	LI Jiajun
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	WEI Ke
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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2024.376 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2025/V39/I8/592

Table 1 Chemical composition of 9310 steel (mass fraction, %)

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the parameters of 9310 steel hot compression experiment

Fig.2 Original microstructure and XRD pattern of 9310 steel (a) the original organization, (b) XRD patterns

Fig.3 Stress-strain curve of 9310 steel (a) 1000 ^oC, (b) 1100 ^oC, (c) 0.01 s^-1, (d) 10 s^-1

Fig.4 Softening and hardening of 9310 steel under different deformation conditions

Fig.5 Relationship curves between strain hardening rate (θ) and strain at different strain rates (a) $ε ˙$ = 0.01 s^-1, (b) $ε ˙$ = 10 s^-1

Fig.6 Contour plot of strain hardening rate (θ) as a function of temperature and strain rate (a) $ε$ = 0.7, (b) $ε$ = 0.9, (c) $ε$ = 1.1

Fig.7 Relationship between strain rate sensitivity index m and strain and strain rate (a) T = 1150 ^oC, (b) $ε$ = 1.2

Fig.8 Microstructure diagram of temperature rise value of 9310 steel under different deformation conditions and 1200 ^oC/50 s^-1 parameters under strain 1.2 (a) temperature rise under different deformation conditions, (b) microstructure at 1200 ^oC/50 s^-1 parameters

Fig.9 Austenite microstructure and water-cooled martensitic microstructure of 9310 steel at different strain rates at 1200 ^oC (a, d) 1200 ^oC/0.01 s^-1, (b, e) 1200 ^oC/1 s^-1, (c, f) 1200 ^oC/10 s^-1

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the multi-level structure of martensitic structure

Fig.11 EBSD treatment of 9310 steel under 1150 ^oC/0.1 s^-1 deformation (a) GB+BC figure, (b) IPF diagrams

Fig.12 Austenite microstructure and water-cooled martensitic microstructure of 9310 steel at different strain rates at 1000 ^oC (a, d) 1000 ^oC/0.01 s^-1, (b, e) 1000 ^oC/10 s^-1, (c, f) 1000 ^oC/50 s^-1

Fig.13 Corresponding dislocation density curves of 9310 steel under different deformation conditions

Fig.14 Average Es values at different deformation temperatures under strain 1.2

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