软化退火对冷轧中锰钢再结晶和相变的影响

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.285

材料研究学报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (6): 401-413 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.285

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

软化退火对冷轧中锰钢再结晶和相变的影响

郑沁园¹^,², 郑成武¹^,², 路轶¹^,², 朱海龙¹, 刘朋¹(

), 栾义坤¹^,², 李殿中¹^,²(

)

^1.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016
^2.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016

Effect of Softening Annealing on Recrystallization and Austenite Transformation of a Cold-rolled Medium-Mn Steel

ZHENG Qinyuan¹^,², ZHENG Chengwu¹^,², LU Yi¹^,², ZHU Hailong¹, LIU Peng¹(

), LUAN Yikun¹^,², LI Dianzhong¹^,²(

)

^1.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

郑沁园, 郑成武, 路轶, 朱海龙, 刘朋, 栾义坤, 李殿中. 软化退火对冷轧中锰钢再结晶和相变的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(6): 401-413.
Qinyuan ZHENG, Chengwu ZHENG, Yi LU, Hailong ZHU, Peng LIU, Yikun LUAN, Dianzhong LI. Effect of Softening Annealing on Recrystallization and Austenite Transformation of a Cold-rolled Medium-Mn Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(6): 401-413.

全文: PDF(34199 KB) HTML

摘要:

对中锰钢分别进行亚临界区和临界区软化退火，研究了在不同温度软化退火后形成的微观组织对其再结晶和相变的影响及其机制。结果表明，在亚临界区软化退火后在中锰钢中的回火马氏体基体内形成嵌渗碳体的微观组织；而在临界区软化退火，则形成片层状马氏体和铁素体两相组织。冷轧处理，使这两种软化退火组织都演变成具有高缺陷密度的板条状形变组织。在临界区软化退火和冷轧后形成的高度变形马氏体薄片在后续热处理过程中更容易发生层片分解和等轴化转变，显著促进马氏体再结晶。高速发展的马氏体再结晶进一步在临界区退火初期阶段诱导奥氏体发生广泛而弥散的形核，提高了组织的均匀性并使晶粒细化。此外，在临界区软化退火处理也能抑制高速升温过程中奥氏体的集中形核，拓宽了冷轧中锰钢热处理工艺的设计窗口。

关键词 ：金属材料, 冷轧中锰钢, 软化退火, 马氏体再结晶, 奥氏体相变

Abstract：

In response to the increasing demands for weight reduction, enhanced passenger safety and reduced manufacturing cost, advanced high strength steels (AHSS) have gained considerable attention as crucial structural materials in automobile industry. Medium-Mn steels (MMnS) stand out as the most promising candidate for the new generation of AHSS, due to their advantages such as cost-effectiveness, superior strength-elongation balance, pronounced work-hardening capacity, and excellent wear resistance. Given the high hardenability of MMnS, a softening annealing is typically required prior to cold rolling to alleviate internal stresses. Temperature variations of softening annealing significantly affect the microstructure evolution during subsequent heat treatment. In this study, treatments of subcritical and intercritical softening annealing are conducted on MMnS, and the effect of microstructures resulted from distinct softening annealing processes on the static recrystallization and phase transformation of cold-rolled MMnS is investigated.Results indicate that subcritical softening annealing yields a microstructure composed of tempered martensite matrix embedded with cementite. In contrast, intercritical softening annealing produces a dual-phase lamellar microstructure comprising martensite and ferrite. After cold rolling, both softening annealed microstructures suffer severe plastic deformation, leading to lath-shaped structures with higher defect densities. Compared to tempered martensite, the martensite lamellae resulted from intercritical softening annealing and cold rolling exhibit a tendency for lamellar collapse and spheroidization during subsequent heat treatment, significantly promoting the static recrystallization of martensite. The rapid martensite recrystallization induces widespread and dispersed nucleation of austenite in the early stage of intercritical annealing, thereby improving the microstructure homogeneity and refining grains. Furthermore, intercritical softening annealing effectively inhibits the massive nucleation of austenite during rapid heating, thus expanding the design window for heat treatment processing for cold-rolled medium-Mn steels.

Key words： metallic materials cold-rolled medium-Mn steel softening annealing martensite recrystallization austenite transformation

收稿日期: 2025-09-15

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:新材料重大专项(2025ZD0611102);国家自然科学基金(52501193);国家自然科学基金(52321001)

通讯作者: 刘朋，助理研究员，pliu17s@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为先进高强钢微观组织与相变机理；
李殿中，研究员，dzli@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为高端装备用金属材料与加工技术

Corresponding author: LIU Peng, Tel: (024)23971973, E-mail: pliu17s@imr.ac.cn;
LI Dianzhong, Tel: (024)23971281, E-mail: dzli@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 郑沁园，女，1997年生，博士生

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图1 中锰钢软化退火的工艺示意图、软化退火以及冷轧后的微观组织

图2 在不同温度软化退火的冷轧中锰钢在亚临界区退火和临界区退火的热处理工艺示意图

图3 SA450试样的冷轧态、在500 ℃退火保温10 min和3 h微观组织的EBSD结果

图4 SA690试样的冷轧态、500 ℃退火保温10 min和3 h后微观组织的EBSD结果

图5 SA450试样以不同速率升温时的膨胀曲线

图6 SA450试样以不同速率升温至680 ℃、700 ℃和720 ℃的微观组织

图7 SA690试样以不同速率升温时的膨胀曲线

图8 SA690试样以不同速率升温至680 ℃、700 ℃和720 ℃的微观组织

图9 层片状变形组织内部连续再结晶的示意图[43]

图10 SA450和SA690试样以0.1 ℃/s速率升温至680 ℃时的微观组织

图11 SA450和SA690试样以20 ℃/s速率升温至680 ℃的微观组织

图12 冷轧中锰钢在不同条件下软化退火的组织演化机制

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