一种低<strong>Re</strong>二代单晶高温合金长期时效后的性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.254

材料研究学报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (4): 241-253 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.254

研究论文

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一种低Re二代单晶高温合金长期时效后的性能

付芸迪¹^,², 申健²(

), 黄亚奇², 卢玉章², 王栋²

^1.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016
^2.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016

Microstructure-property Evolution in a Low-rhenium Second-generation Single Crystal Superalloy Following Long-term Aging

FU Yundi¹^,², SHEN Jian²(

), Huang Yaqi², LU Yuzhang², WANG Dong²

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

付芸迪, 申健, 黄亚奇, 卢玉章, 王栋. 一种低Re二代单晶高温合金长期时效后的性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(4): 241-253.
Yundi FU, Jian SHEN, Yaqi Huang, Yuzhang LU, Dong WANG. Microstructure-property Evolution in a Low-rhenium Second-generation Single Crystal Superalloy Following Long-term Aging[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(4): 241-253.

全文: PDF(33886 KB) HTML

摘要:

提出一种低Re二代单晶高温合金的热处理制度，研究了900 ℃长期时效对合金的组织和性能的影响。结果表明，合金在900 ℃分别长期时效500 h、1000 h后，其高温持久性能与热处理态的相同。测试持久性能后在合金中形成了致密的γ/γ′位错网，在γ′相内出现了切入的a<101>和a<010>超位错。在900 ℃长期时效3000 h合金中的γ′相发生粗化、连接和尺寸增大但是未出现筏化，在合金中析出了M₆C碳化物但是没有析出TCP相，表现出较高的组织稳定性。

关键词 ：金属材料, 单晶高温合金, 长期时效, γ′相, 组织稳定性, 持久性能

Abstract：

Second-generation single-crystal superalloys, developed through the incorporation of approximately 3%Re into first-generation alloys, demonstrate substantially enhanced high-temperature capabilities and have become critical materials for modern aero-engine turbine blades. However, as a strategic rare element, the addition of merely 1%Re doubles the casting cost of single-crystal superalloys while excessive Re content readily induces precipitation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases that compromise microstructural stability. Therefore, it has become a critical challenge in the present to not only reduce production costs, but also maintain the microstructure stability, while avoiding sacrificing high-temperature mechanical properties. To address this challenge, therefore, a ramp-step heat treatment procedure for low-Re second-generation nickel-based single-crystal superalloys was proposed. Then the effect of long-term aging at 900 ^oC for different durations on the evolution of microstructure and the high-temperature durability performance of the alloy was assessed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with metallographic analysis. Results revealed that after being aged for 3000 h at 900 ^oC, the γ′-precipitates were coarsened and coalesced with progressive size enlargement, along with precipitation of M₆C carbides in the absence of TCP phase formation or γ′ rafting phenomena, indicating excellent structural stability. Observations for the fractured alloy after durable strength performance tests revealed that a dense γ/γ′ dislocation network was formed in the alloy and shearing super-dislocations a<101> and a<010> emerged within the γ′-phase. Notably, stress rupture properties after 500 h and 1000 h aging at 900 ^oC remain equivalent to the as heat-treated ones. Based on these findings, this work establishes a novel heat treatment procedure for second-generation superalloys while elucidating microstructural stabilization mechanisms and revealing competitive precipitation behavior between M₆C carbides and TCP phases.

Key words： metallic materials single crystal superalloy long-term aging γ′ precipitates microstructure stability stress rupture property

收稿日期: 2025-08-18

ZTFLH:

TG132.32

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1600603);国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3702900);国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3705000);西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLSP202402)

通讯作者: 申健，研究员，shenjian@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为镍基单晶高温合金;

Corresponding author: SHEN Jian, Tel: 13804984964, E-mail: shenjian@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 付芸迪，男，1999年生，博士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2025.254 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2026/V40/I4/241

表1 实验用合金的名义成分

图1 DD26G单晶合金的铸态组织

图2 DD26G合金铸态试样的DSC升温和降温曲线

图3 DD26G合金在不同温度固溶后的金相照片

图4 DD26G合金的热处理制度与在不同温度固溶后的金相照片

图5 DD26G合金一次时效和一次时效+二次时效后的γ/γ′相形貌以及1120 ℃/4 h, AC + 870 ℃/24 h, AC时效后γ′析出相的统计结果

Parameter Type	C	Cr	Co	W	Mo	Nb	Al	Ti	Re	Ni
N_vi	6.66	4.66	1.66	4.66	4.66	5.66	7.66	6.66	3.66	0.66
M_di	-	1.142	0.777	1.655	1.55	2.117	1.9	2.271	1.267	0.717
$N v ¯$ = 2.208, $M d ¯$ = 0.967

表2 DD26G的平均电子能级数Nv¯值和平均轨道能级Md¯值

图6 DD26G在900 ℃长期时效不同时间后枝晶干处γ′相的形貌

图7 DD26G在900 ℃长期时效不同时间后枝晶干处γ′相的尺寸和体积分数

图8 热处理态和长期时效3000 h后碳化物的形态和体积分数

表3 析出相的成分扫描结果

图9 在900 ℃时效3000 h试样中析出相的EDS面扫结果

图10 在900 ℃时效3000 h试样中析出相的透射电镜和与选区电子衍射分析结果

图11 DD26G合金长期时效过程中M6C碳化物的体积分数

图12 在DD26G合金的长期时效过程中持久性能的演变

图13 DD26G合金与其他典型单晶高温合金持久强度的比较

图14 完全热处理态和长期时效500 h、1000 h合金的持久宏观断口

图15 完全热处理态和长期时效500 h、1000 h的合金持久断裂后的γ/γ′相组织和距离断口0.5 mm、2 mm和6 mm的相结构

表4 DD26G合金热处理态和500 h、1000 h长期时效态持久测试后组织的拓扑反转程度

图16 完全热处理态、500 h长期时效、1000 h长期时效合金持久断裂后的γ/γ′相组织透射电镜照片

图17 长期时效对合金中γ′相平均尺寸的影响

图18 M6C相的生成过程

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