Based on the analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy and X--ray diffraction (XRD), the microstructure of carbon micro--coils was explored. A nano--graphitic structure cell (NGSC) was found to be the unit of carbon micro--coils with inclusion of amorphous carbon and multi--shell fullerenes between the NGSC. And the carbon micro--coil has a disordered structure in a macroscopic scale. The geometrical parameters of the carbon micro--coil were proposed. It was found that the chiral angle of micro--coils prepared by different research were similar, although they had different diameters and coil pitch. Combining the microstructure analyses and geometrical characterization, a possible growth process of carbon micro--coils was discussed.

Microstructure of Nd2Fe14B/a-Fe-type multilayer films annealed at 600℃ for 5 min and annealed at 625℃ for 1 min with the same thickness of a--Fe layers (2.5 nm) have been investigated by TEM and HRTEM. The result showed that a-Fe nano-grains formed in Fe layers in the as--sputtered film, however, the hard magnetic phase remained amorphous state. When the annealing temperature was higher than 600℃, Nd2Fe14B type phases formed, the a--Fe layers were devoured by the hard magnetic layers, and Nd2Fe17 phases were found in another multilayer film annealed at 625℃. It implied that the annealing temperature played a more important role in the phase transformation than the annealing time. The decrease of magnetic properties maybe resulted from the separating out of Nd2Fe17 phase.

By measuring the magnetic--field--induced strain (MFIS) and the transformation strain with a field bias applied in different direction, the temperature dependence of MFIS and the field--controlled shape memory effect in the Ni50.5Mn26.5Ga23 single crystal were investigated. It was found that with decreasing temperature at the martensite phase, the saturated MFIS first decreases rapidly and then the decreasing rate becomes smaller and smaller, reflecting the temperature dependence of the MFIS in the Ni$_{2}$MnGa system. Moreover, it was also found that the decreasing rate of the saturated MFIS with decreasing temperature is different with a pulse field applied in different direction. The results are discussed with reference to the shape memory characteristics of the alloy and the mechanism of the preferentially orientation of martensitic variants.

A nano-sized CdS particles was incorporated into polymer films by solvent mixing, casting and evaporating methods. The CdS particles of about 6 nm in size were prepared through micro-emulsion and in-situ surface modification with thiol and imidazole, respectively. It is proved that imidazole modification promotes the dispersion of these nanoparticles into PMMA, while thiol modified ones can be uniformly dispersed into PS matrix due to the selective solubility among the surface modifiers, solvents and polymers. The resultant polymer composites were characterized using optical, structural and thermal techniques. FTIR measurements revealed the formation of strong bonding between the particles and the polymer matrices. Besides the surface modifier, the polymers also help to block the surface defects that trap the charge carriers, resulting in enhanced light absorption and emission behavior. On the other hand, in the presence of CdS particles, the thermal decomposition temperatures of PMMA and PS shifted towards higher temperature region, further demonstrating the interaction between the particles and the polymers. The mechanisms accounting for the variation in the composites optical properties with CdS content and the amount of the surface modifiers were explained on the basis of the effects of surface modifier morphologies, dispersion status of the particles, and the complex interaction among the particles, surface modifiers and polymers.

The thermo--mechanical fatigue (TMF) behaviors of Ti--6--22--22 alloy were investigated in full reverse mechanical strain control in the temperature ranges from 200 to 400℃ and 200 to 520℃. Experimental results indicate that from 200 to 400℃, the fatigue lifes of in phase and out of phase are longer than that of isothermal fatigue (IF) at 400℃; from 200℃ to 520℃, the fatigue life of out--of--phase is much shorter than that of IF at 520℃. The amplitude of cyclic stress of TMF is related to the maximum and minimum temperatures of TMF in the two cyclic temperature ranges. Observations of fracture surface by longitudinal sections by metallography reveal that longer surface cracks appear under IF at 520℃. The reason for obvious detrimental effects of TMF may result from the enhanced environmental damage due to the increase of cyclic temperature range.

The Ba$_{4.5}$Nd$_{9}$Ti$_{18}$O$_{54}$ ceramics doped with PbTiO$_{3}$ + Bi$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$ were fabricated by solid--state reaction technique and their microwave dielectric properties were measured by Hakki--Coleman's method. With increasing the amount of PbTiO$_{3}$ + Bi$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$ additive, the density of Ba$_{4.5}$Nd$_{9}$Ti$_{18}$O$_{54}$ decreased slightly, and $\varepsilon_{\rm r}$ fluctuated between 83 and 93, meanwhile the $Q$--value and $\tau_{\rm f}$ decreased remarkably. Ba$_{4.5}$Nd$_{9}$Ti$_{18}$O$_{54}$ doped with PbTiO$_{3}$ + Bi$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$ remained single phase until the additive content reached 24\%. Ba$_{4.5}$Nd$_{9}$Ti$_{18}$O$_{54}$ ceramics exhibited the microwave properties with $\varepsilon_{\rm r}\approx$93, $Q.f\approx$5800 GHz and $\tau_{\rm f}\approx$3$\times$10$^{-5}$/℃ when the additive amount was 20\%. The experimental results were explained by insulator polarization theory.

Using the cationic surfactant-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as template, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica source and nonionic surfactant--triblock copolymer F127 as dispersant, the monodisperse nanosized mesoporous siliceous MCM--41 was prepared by room temperatural synthesis method in basic media. The samples were characterized by techniques such as XRD, TEM, HRTEM, SEM, IR and N$_{2}$ physisorption. In addition, the influences of different molar ratios of F127 to CTAB on mesoporous crystalline structure, surface structure, pore size distribution and the dispersity of nanosized mesoporous siliceous MCM--41 were also systemically studied. The results show that a suitable amount of F127 can greatly improve the ordered structure of pore array, while an excessive amount of F127 will destroy the ordered structure. When the molar ratio of F127 to CTAB was ranged from 0.04 to 0.08, the synthesized samples were nanoparticle, monodispersed, single--pore distributed, huge pore volume and highly ordered mesoporous structure.

A novel super--hybrid composite (SHCM) was prepared with foam SiC ceramics, high performance fibers and modified phenolic resin. Effect of foam ceramics and high silica glass fibers on the mechanical properties of super--hybrid composite was studied. The results show that foam ceramics can improve the hardness, size stability of the composite. Foam ceramics increases the compressive strength and compressive modulus of the composite. With the rise of foam ceramics' content, the flexural modulus of the composites increases greatly and the flexural strength decreases slightly. With the rise of high silica glass fibers' content, the flexural strength and modulus of the composite increase.

The morphology, content and structure of microarc oxidation ceramic coatings produced on LY12 Al alloy have been investigated. The microhardness, adhesion to the substrate and friction behavior under dry friction and oil lubricating conditions were also measured. It is found the microarc oxidation coatings consist of the loose superficial layer and the inner dense layer. The two layers are composed of $\alpha$--Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and $\gamma$--Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$, while the Al--Si--O phase of high content is observed only in loose layer. The $\alpha$--Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ content in dense layer is distinctly higher than that in loose layer. From the superficial layer to the substrate, the cross--section microhardness first increases and then decreases, reaching a maximum at a distance of 35 $\mu$m from the substrate/coating interface. The adhesion strength of microarc oxidation coatings to Al substrate is high and the critical load increases linearly with increasing the coatings thickness. The microarc oxidation coatings possess excellent antiwear properties, and the friction coefficient under oil lubricating condition is only 1/10 of that under dry friction.

Anisotropic NdFeB magnet was prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS) technique. Magnet with same composition was produced using conventional sintering method for comparison. The electrochemical properties in electrolytes and reaction kinetics in oxidizing environments of the magnets were studied. The microstructures and compositions of the magnets were observed with scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X--ray detector. Compared with conventional sintered NdFeB magnet, the SPS processed magnet has an original microstructure, i.e. the grain size of the Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B main phase is fine and uniform, and the fine Nd--rich phase does not form along the grain boundaries of main phase, but agglomerates into the triple junctions. Therefore, the pathways for corrosion propagation are restricted and the inter--granular corrosion process is suppressed effectively. As a result, the SPS NdFeB magnet possesses an excellent corrosion resistance.

Smooth, dense and uniform diamond--like carbon (DLC) films for industrial application were successfully prepared by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The morphology, structure and tribological properties were studied by AFM, Raman spectra and tribological tester. Results show that working current of target plays an important role in DLC film deposition. Deposition rate, sp$^{3}$ bonds content and friction coefficient increase with increasing the working current of target. In the beginning of the wear experiment, the friction coefficient is high, but then decreases gradually with the increase of sliding cycles, reaching a constant value ranging between 0.1 and 0.15.

The high frequency MnZn power ferrite was prepared by the conventional oxide ceramic process. The more quantity of CaO is needed to increase the grain boundary resistivity and suppress the eddy current loss of the high frequency MnZn power ferrite applied at frequencies higher than 500 kHz. An optimum concentration of V$_{2}$O$_{5}$ acting indirectly via liquid phase formation and influencing the microstructural development during sintering makes the crystalline grain be refined, the amount of grain boundary and grain boundary resistivity increase, the porosity decrease, and the power losses be suppressed. Adopting the complex additives containing 0.3, 0.15 and 0.1\% by weight of CaO, TiO$_{2}$ and V$_{2}$O$_{5}$, respectively, the MnZn power ferrite cores with initial permeability of about 1500, low power loss of about 130 mW$\cdot$cm$^{-3}$ (500 kHz, 50 mT, 25℃), grain diameter of 3$\sim$5 $\mu$m and low porosity can be prepared.

Sn--doped Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films were prepared by RF-sputtering. The effect of Sn-content on their crystallization properties was studied by XRD and DSC. The XRD spectra of the films in the as-deposited and heat-treated states showed that the films changed from amorphous to crystalline states due to heat-treatment and Sn-Te phase appeared. Using DSC data of the amorphous film materials, the activation energies were calculated by measuring the peak crystallization temperatures at different heating rates. It was found that the Ge-Sb-Te-Sn samples have higher activation energy of crystallization than that of the Ge2Sb2Te5 sample.It is concluded from these results that Sn-doping can increase the crystallization rate of the Ge2Sb2Te5 phase-change material, and thereby increase the erasing speed of the material for rewritable optical storage.

The characteristics of cyclic fatigue fracture were studied by the crack growth tests using the four--point bending method in both environments of air and water for alumina and zirconia ceramics. The effect of water environment on the fatigue lifetime was investigated. The results showed that in the case of the same stress applied, the time to fracture in water is less than that in air, and it is more remarkable for zirconia. The fatigue lifetime predictions agree qualitatively with the experimental results for cyclic fatigue of alumina and zirconia in air and water applied to artificial hip joint.

The $in$ $situ$ exothermic reaction between Ti and C elements combined with infiltration of molten magnesium into TiCp was adopted to fabricate TiCp/Mg and TiCp/AZ91D magnesium matrix composites. The phase composition of the $in$ $situ$ formed reinforcement TiC and their morphologies were analyzed, and the room--temperature compressive behaviors were also studied for these two magnesium matrix composites.The results showed that dense composite microstructures were obtained by the present reactive infiltration process. The $in$ $situ$ TiCp reinforcement particulates uniformly formed within the Mg matrix and took in forms of fine particles, flakes and interpenetrating networks. The compressive strengths for the as--fabricated TiCp/Mg and TiCp/AZ91D composites reach about 598 and 650 MPa, respectively, at room temperature and a strain rate of 0.01 s$^{-1}$.

Effect of heat treatment on $M_{\rm s}$ and microstructure of hot rolled Ti$_{44}$Ni$_{47}$Nb$_{9}$ rods has been studied in detail by means of X--Ray, SEM, TEM, DSC. Microstructure of Ti$_{44}$Ni$_{47}$Nb$_{9}$ alloy quenched from 750℃/30 min to 950℃/30 min mainly consists of TiNi matrix phase and $\beta$--Nb phase istributed at TiNi grain boundaries and sub--grain boundaries, and the amount of oxide (Ti, Nb)$_{4}$Ni$_{2}$O is very low, recovery and recrystallization were observed in matrix phase. The amount of $\beta$--Nb at TiNi grain boundaries and inside grains obviously increases, and the oxide amount also rises for the annealed alloys; $\beta$--Nb mainly distributes at TiNi grain boundaries, the amount of oxide slightly increases for the alloys aged after solution treatment. Slow cooling or aging after solution treatment increases Ni/Ti ratio in matrix phase, decreases $M_{\rm s}$, and stabilizes martensite.

The catalysts of KVO$_{3}$, K$_{4}$V$_{2}$O$_{7}$, KVO$_{3}$+KCl and K$_{4}$V$_{2}$O$_{7}$+KCl were prepared and characterized. Their catalytic activity was investigated by a fixed--bed reactor for the soot obtained from the diesel emissions under the tight and loose contact mode. The thermal stability of catalysts and catalytic performance of catalysts supported on foam ceramic were also studied. The results show that the catalysts of KVO$_{3}$, K$_{4}$V$_{2}$O$_{7}$, KVO$_{3}$+KCl and K$_{4}$V$_{2}$O$_{7}$+KCl have high thermal stability and catalytic activity for the soot. The molten salt catalysts of KVO$_{3}$+KCl and K$_{4}$V$_{2}$O$_{7}$+KCl have higher activity than that of KVO$_{3}$, K$_{4}$V$_{2}$O$_{7}$ because their mobility increases the contact chance of catalysts and soot. The contact mode between catalyst and soot is an important factor that influences the catalytic performance of tight contact, which increases the contact chance of catalyst and soot.