Non-stoichiometric SbOx thin films were prepared by the method of reactive DC magnetron sputtering under different oxygen partial pressureS. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the as-deposited and annealed films showed that the films changed from amorphous to crystalline states due to the heat-treatment. The peak temperatures of crystallization at different heating rates were determined by using DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) analysis. Based on the Kissinger formula, the crystallization activation energies of these amorphous films were calculated. The results showed that the activation energy increased with the increase of oxygen partial pressure, while the enthalpy difference between the as-deposited and the crystalline states decreased.

One dimensional nanostructure materials of TiO2 were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. Their microscopic morphologies and crystal structures were investigated with scan electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction （XRD） techniques. It is found that the TiO2 nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanoribbons could be formed under different temperatures and pressures. XRD data confirmed that the obtained nanotubes and nanoribbons exhibited new crystallographic structures which were different from those of rutile and anatase. Analysis showed that they were the mixture of anatase TiO2 and trititanate. And after the nanotubes and nanoribbons were annealed at 500℃ for 1 hour, their crystallographic structures all changed to anatase.

Low cycle fatigue tests of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu lead-free solder alloy were carried out under total strain amplitude control at room temperature. The fatigue behavior of the solder alloy was characterized by the cyclic stress-strain hysteresis loops, cyclic stress responses, cyclic stress-strain curves, and the relationship between strain and fatigue life. At higher strain amplitudes (>1%), the solder alloy exhibited cycle-dependent softening. At lower strain amplitudes (? 0.4%), stable cyclic response was observed over a significant portion of the fatigue life. The fatigue life of the solder alloy followed the Coffin-Manson equation, from which relevant fatigue parameters were determined. The fatigue behavior of the solder alloy was related to the fatigue-induced microstructural variations and the fracture mechanism.

The structures of carboxyl/pyridine-containing amphoteric ion exchange fibers were investigated, and the adsorption properties of the obtained fibers for metal ions and amino acids were assessed. Experimental results showed that the amphoteric ion exchange fibers consist of carboxyl and pyridine groups. Their total ion exchange capacity, the rate of cationic and anionic groups, and the morphology can be controlled by changing the type of monomers and the load ratio of acidic and basic monomers. In addition, the competitive adsorbability of the amphoteric fibers can be controlled by the structures of the fibers and adsorption conditions. When the feed content of pyridine monomer increases, the anionic exchange capacity and the ratio of anionic groups to total capacity of the resultant fibers increase. The morphology of the amphoteric fibers is synthesized with both the textures of poly-vinyl-pyridine and poly-acrylic (or methacrylic) acid which were produced in single component grafting system. The amphoteric fibers prepared possess high adsorption capacity for Cu2＋due to the coordination action of pyridine and carboxyl groups. When the contents of acidic and basic groups are close to each other, the coordination action for adsorption is enhanced.

Under the cyclic loading, the important damage characteristic of fibre-reinforced polymeric matrix composites is the damage behaviour depending on both the material microstructure and the chemical effect. Focus on this characteristic, mechano-chemical molecular chains mode for studying fatigue damage was established. The fractions of broken molecular chains in matrix and on interface were introduced respectively to describe the matrix-dominated damage or interface-dominated damage mechamism. The mechano-chemical effect was included in molecular scale and the influence of microstructure on fatigue process was considered. The relations between residual strength and mechanical properties, microstructure parameters, physical chemistry parameters were analyzed as well. Load-constant fatigue tests for composite material(SMC) were carried out, and the experimental results appears good agreement with predicted values based on the proposed model.

Two-phase nanostructure ZnFe2O4/Fe2O3 had been prepared by the sol-gel method and heat treatment. The structure had been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution electron microscope (HREM). The results indicate that superfluous Fe2O3 composition is the necessary condition to form tunneling structure in two-phase ferrite. The tunneling structure was directly observed by HREM in two-phase ferrite and the insulating layer of ?-Fe2O3 located in interface between ferrets. The two-phase ferrite has non-Ohmic character of I-V curve and tunneling magnetoresistance. The one-phase ferrite has linear-Ohmic character of I-V curve and small magnetoresistance of ferrite. Phase-transformation dynamics in two-phase ferrite show that crystallization of ?-Fe2O3 is controlled by interface or surface.

Effect of quenching process on the microstructure and mechanical property of 20Mn2 steel containing ZrC of 0.2% in volume fraction and 0.2~1.2μm in diameter after rolling with large total reduction has been investigated.Experimental results show that at state qenched in water, the mechanical property of 20Mn2 reaches σb=1854Mpa、σ0.2=1722Mpa、δ5=12.6%，after tempered at 200℃ for 200min，that of 20Mn2 reachesσb=1685Mpa、σ0.2=1582Mpa、δ5=14.1%；in the state quenched in oil，that of 20Mn2 reaches σb=1073Mpa、σ0.2=839Mpa、δ5=19%，after tempered at 200℃ for 200min，that of 20Mn2 reachesσb=1039Mpa、σ0.2=810Mpa、δ5=21.1%．It is indicated that ZrC partical plays an obvious active role in grain super-refining of austenite by acting as a deformation nucleus and recrystallization nucleus,and obvious refined grain increases critical cooling rate for obtaining matensite that decreases the number、length and width of matensite in water-quenching state，and the number of pearlite in oil-quenching state while ferric carbide becomes shorter and thinner．Meanwhile，in subsequent cooling refined austenite grain transforms to a finer ferrite grain（1~2 um），and keeps in deformed microstructrue in hot rolling，which leads to a double increase in the strength of 20Mn2 in water-quenching state without decrease in enlogation，and a double increase in enlogation of oil-quenching state with a concurrent great increase in the strength．

Pigment phthalocynine green G modified with octadcylamine was suspended in tetrachloroethylene using span 80 as emulsifier, and this suspending fluid has showed superior dispersibility and stability. Urea-formaldehyde microcapsules containing the suspending fluid as the core material were prepared by in situ polymerization. The solid content in the core materials was controlled through the apparent density of the particles. From the research, oil-soluble emulsifier can provide good stability and emulsion to the internal phase, and no side effect to the resin's deposition on the capsule surface. During the micro-encapsulated process, the prepolymer condensed to form UF particles in the aqueous solution, then the particles aggregated and deposited at the surface of internal phase. After investigated in an electric field, it was found that Pigment phthalocynine green G modified with octadcylamine moved in the capsule, but they were inreversible.

Deformation mechanisms of a magnesium alloys AZ31 deformed at high temperature in the presence of dynamic recrystallization and super-plasticity are investigated by texture analysis using X-ray diffraction and electron back scattering diffraction techniques. Results indicate that deformation by plastic slip inside grains still plays an important role due to the facts that preferred orientations are found in recrystallized grains and that some strongly elongated deformed grains are present in samples. Difference in texture can be detected in the new grains of samples with different initial textures and different slip mechanisms are ascribed to the elongated deformed grains in different samples. The improved plasticity due to increasing temperature in deformed grains with same orientation is discussed. Orientation mapping reveals a misorientation distribution of large amount of small angle grain boundaries and an orientation relationship of 30°<0001> among basal oriented grains which is due to the 6-fold crystallographic symmetry of hexagonal close-packed structure of magnesium.

Different oxygenic functional groups and their content on the surface of CF influence distinctly average thickness of immobilized biofilm. Proper content of surface oxygenic functional groups and proper moisture, obtained by modifying the surface of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-CF, are beneficial to immobinization of by denitrifying microorganism. Anaerobic methane bacteria can immobilize the surface of CF easier compared to the surface of plastics with similar moisture. And with the increase in element content of nitrgen and oxygen on th e surface of CF, its moisture increases and immobilized ability for methane bacteria weakens. The experiment showes that PAN-based high strength CF modified by air of high temperature is a kind of high quality carrier with good biocompatibility, highly immobilized ability and resisting chemical erosion, decomposition of microorganism and strong hydraulic impaction for denitrifying biofilm. PAN-based high strength CF, however, which hasn't be treated, is a high quality carrier for anaerobic methane bacteria.

The crystal growth of hydroxyapatite (HAp) in the presence of hexadecylamine was investigated by the patterns of X-ray diffractions (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected-area diffraction (SAD) in this work. Results show that: due to its high polarity and high charged density, the organic film could increased the ions supersaturation on its surface, thus leading to a fast growth of pure HAp crystals. Moreover, the positive headgroups in the organic film could act as recognized nucleation sites and orient the growth of HAp crystals along <0001> direction.

Protons radiation tests were carried out on methyl silicone rubber using space environment simulator system. The proton energy was chosen as 200keV, and the fluence in the range of 1014~1016cm-2. By means of thermoluminescence (TL) and thermally stimulated current (TSC) analyses, the evolution of the trap energy levelsΔE, the charge carrier type in the rubbers before and after proton radiation were characterized. TL and TSC analyses demonstrated that under the proton radiation, under the proton fluence less than 1015cm-2,ΔE decreased; under the fluence more than 1015cm-2, the situation was the opposite. After the proton radiation, the charge carriers in the silicone rubbers changed from the electron-type to the vacancy-type, and tended to the electron-type again after the fluence was further increased.

Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films have been deposited on P-type <100> polished c-silicon wafer with different substrate negative bias by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technology. The microstructure of ta-C films were measured by visible Raman spectroscopy and the spectra were fitted with a single skewed Lorentzian peak described by BWF function. The coupling coefficient characterizes the asymmetric degree of the spectra and is correlated with the sp3 content. The surface morphology and mechanical properties were researched respectively by AFM and Nano-Indentor. When the substrate bias is -80 V, the sp3 content is most, the root mean square surface roughness is least (Rq=0.23 nm) and hardness (51.49 GPa), Young's modulus (512.39 GPa), and critical scratching load (11.72 mN) are highest. As the substrate bias increases or decreases, the sp3 content and other properties lower correspondingly.

A efficiency Al-Ti-C gain refinement master alloy was prepared by using Shear/Cooling Roll Process (SCR) machine，the melt of AlTi5C0.25 master alloy synthesized by melts-solid reacting was dynamically and directly solidified in shear stress field．The mechanism of microstructure formation and refinement characteristic of master alloy have been investigated．Results showed that SCR forming of melt was a dynamic solidification process had drastic shearing and heat disturbance action on melt，which could affect migration of TiC，made TiC particles distribute dispersely in α-Al，dispersely refined TiAl3 phase，improved significantly the refinement characteristics of Al-Ti-C master alloy．

Al(Ga) concentration dependence of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Gd2Co17-xMx (M = Al, Ga; x ? 4 )compounds was investigated by magnetic measurements and X-ray diffraction on magnetically aligned powders. There is a change of magnetocrystalline anisotropy at room temperature from planar to axial for Gd2Co17-xAlx(x ≥1) and Gd2Co17-xGax(x ≥2) with increasing x. The sign reversal of the anisotropy constants K1 at room temperature occurs around x =0.9 and x =1.8 for Al-containing and Ga-containing compounds, respectively. The maximum positive value of K1 is reached in compounds for x = 3, adopting about three times higher Al-containing compounds than that of Ga-containing compounds. Evolution of Co-sublattice magnetocrystalline anisotropy is explained in terms of preferred site occupancy of Co sites in Gd2Co17 compound by Al(Ga). The results show that strong preferential occupancy by Al of 6c sites results in Al atom having a much stronger positive contribution to Co-sublattice anisotropy than Ga atom.

The diffusion behavior of water through epoxy coatings as a function of the film thickness and the painting number was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The experimental results showed that, in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, the diffusion process of water through multi-layer organic coatings with good barrier performance followed the ideal Fick's law in the initial period. The corresponding diffusion coefficient was also derived and the dielectric constant of the dry coatings (ed) was found to be 4.2. The resistance to medium permeation of the coatings increased with increasing of film thickness and the number of coats.

The spray forming and rolling process was used for the preparation of steel/Al-8.5Pb-4Si-Cu-0.5Sn (wt%) composite bearing strip. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the spray formed steel / Al-Pb composite strip were analyzed. It shows that the microstructure of the spray formed Al-Pb layer consists of the Al-Si matrix and the homogeneously distributed refined Pb particles. After a rolling of 50% reduction and followed by annealing at 320℃ for 5 hours, the interfacial shearing strength between the spray formed Al-Pb layer and the steel strip is 72MPa. The high interfacial bonding strength is due to the formation of diffusion layer between the steel substrate and the spray formed Al-Pb alloy layer. The refined Pb particles improve the wear-resistant property of the bearing alloy.

N-doped TiO2 films were prepared by mid-frequency alternative reactive magnetron sputtering. The N concentration of the TiO2－xNx films was analyzed by XPS. And the absorption properties of the films in visible region were closely investigated. The results show that the percentage of N2 in reactive gases is key variable to influence the concentration of Ti-N bond in TiO2－xNx films. Annealing TiO2－xNx film in nitrogen atmosphere at 380℃ is favorable to increase its atomic concentration of nitrogen. The increase of the thickness of TiO2－xNx films enhances the absorbability of TiO2－xNx films. The wavelength of the absorption edge for TiO2－xNx film with 1.5% nitrogen has a obvious redshift from 387nm to 441nm.