The wear behavior and mechanism of various steels at 400℃ were investigated. The results show that the wear behavior has common regularity. The wear rate and the increase rate of wear are slow in the condition of low load; as the load increased the wear rate rapidly increases at a certain load. The essence of elevated--temperature wear is a physical and chemical process including oxidation of worn surface, softening and plastic deformation. A real model about mild--to--severe wear transition in elevated--temperature oxidative wear of steels was proposed and its characteristics are given.

PbO2 electrode modified with a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG, non-ionic surfactant) and cetylpyridinium bromide(CPB, cationic surfactant) was prepared by electrodeposition method. The micro-structure and electrochemical properties of the modified electrode were investigated by SEM, XRD, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and liner sweep voltammetry(VA) techniques. Results show that PEG and CPB display synergistic effect in improving the micro-structure of PbO2 coating which refine the crystalline grains of electrode. The combined modification of PEG and CPB can enhance the electro-catalytic activity of PbO2 electrode for phenol degradation, and 98.7% degradation ratio of phenol with an initial concentration of 100 mg·L−1 can be obtained at 2.5 h. The modified electrode has larger active surface area, lower charge-transfer resistance and higher oxygen evolution potential, and these characteristics promote the electro-catalytic activity of the PbO2 electrode for decomposition of organic matter.

The effect of ultra–short annealing process on microstructural and textural evolutions associated with an Nb+Ti–IF steel sheet with cold reduction of 94.2% was investigated. The results show that the well–recrystallized samples have been obtained in several seconds during the ultra short annealing cycle with higher heating rate up to 300℃/s. In the fully recrystallized condition, the finer grain size and the higher growth velocity, 10.12 μm and ∼23 μm/s, respectively, can be found in an ultra–short annealing cycle than that in the conventional annealing with heating rate of 20℃/s, 12.98 μm and ∼3 μm/s, respectively, while also amounts of dislocations in recrystal grain have been observed. The characteristic more homogeneous {111} deep drawing fiber of cold rolled IF steels and other fiber texture
nearby α skeleton absent, which is potential for high strength steel with deep drawing, were observed in an annealing treatment as short as 0.41 s.

An alumina coating of 80 μm thick was fabricated on the surface of 304 stainless steel by cathodic microarc electrodeposition in 0.4 mol/L Al(NO3)3 ethanol solution. The morphology, composition and phase constituent of the alumina coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the high-temperature oxidation and electrochemical corrosion behaviors of the coating were evaluated. The results show that the coating is composed of γ–Al2O3 and α–Al2O3 phases, and the coating contains a little Fe, Cr, Ni elements, which confirm that the stainless steel substrate near the coating/steel also takes part in the deposition and sintering process of alumina coating under cathodic microarc discharge. The oxidation rate of the coated stainless steel at 800 ℃  isothermal oxidation test is obviously reduced. Meanwhile, its corrosion potential increases positively and its corrosion current density decreases about one order of magnitude, indicating that the corrosion resistance is improved.

Magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation, and further encapsulated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) via seeded emulsion polymerization to form Fe₃O₄/PNIPAM nano-scale composite-microspheres. The microspheres were characterized by FTIR, TEM, TGA and DTS. Herewith the effects of the concentration of monomer (NIPAM), cross-linker (MBA) and emulsifier (SDBS) on the diameter, magnetic Fe₃O₄ content of the microspheres were investigated. The reaction parameters show notable influence on the structure and morphology of the microspheres, and as a result, the diameter and magnetite content of the microspheres decreased with the decrease of monomer concentration and the increase of cross-linker concentration and emulsifier concentration.

The alkaline-earth metal substituted compounds Y_0.95R_0.05CoO₃ (R=Ca, Sr, Ba) were prepared by sol–gel process, and the effect of substituting on its electrical transport and thermoelectric properties were systematically investigated. The results show that with the increase of Ca²⁺、Sr²⁺、Ba²⁺ ionic radius, the electrical resistivity of the Y_0.95R_0.05CoO₃ compounds increases gradually, Seebeck coefficient was improving, and the power factor decreases, in corresponding temperature range. The high-temperature thermoelectric power factor of the YCoO₃ system can be improved effectively by the substitution of Ca²⁺ with smaller radius approaching that of the ion Y³⁺.

The maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP–g–MAH) was first reacted with carbon black (CB) and then blended with polypropylene/nylon6 (PP/PA6) to prepare the PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB composites. The special morphology and electrical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that in PP/PA6/CB blends, CB preferentially localizes in the PA6 phase and the percolation threshold is 2%. However, in the PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB blends, CB particles can be induced by PP–g–MAH to localize at the interface. The composites of PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB have conductivity even when PA6 and PP phases form sea–island morphology. The percolation threshold of PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB is 1.6%, which is lower than that of PP/PA6/CB. Moreover, the PTC (positive temperature coefficient) intensity of PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB composites is stronger than that of PP/PA6/CB, and the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) effect was eliminated within the temperature range of 90 and 135?C. The electrical properties of PP/PA6/PP–g–MAH/CB can be explained in terms of its special interface morphology: PP–g–MAH and CB localize at interface to form the conductive pathways.

A novel type of intelligent hollow nanogels was prepared by two–step colloidal template polymerization, followed by introduction of phenylboronic acid groups and etching of the template, and was characterized by the Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The results show that the hollow nanogels are composed of poly(N–isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N–phenylboronic acid acrylamide), have interpenetrating polymer network structure and the morphological structure of inner cavity, and have both temperature and glucose stimuli responsive properties.

Silver–copper (Ag–Cu) bimetallic nanoalloys were prepared by electrodeposition methods and their microstructure, morphology and electrocatalytic properties were characterized by XRD, HRTEM, SEM and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the silver–copper bimetallic nanoalloy electrodes exhibit a large reduction current peak in H2O2 solutions, indicating that silver-copper bimetallic nanoalloy can be used as a cathode catalytic. The morphology of silver-copper bimetallic nanoalloys changes from spiciform crystal to dendritic crystal and the cathode catalytic performance decreases with increasing deposition potential; The morphology of the nanoalloys changes from dendritic crystal to rod-shaped crystal and the cathode catalytic performance increases with the increasing of Cu2+ concentrations. It can be concluded that the synergistic effects are observed in the electrocatalytic performance for silver-copper bimetallic nanoalloys.

The WC reinforced cladding layer was prepared on the surface of 45 steel argon-arc cladding. The microstructure and properties of cladding layer were  investigated. The wear mechanism of cladding layer and the appearance of WC reinforced particles in wear process were analyzed. The results show that the cladding layer is metallurgical bond with substrate and its structure disperses homogeneitily. There are lots of dispersing-distributed WC particles on the surface. And there is an interface reaction between WC particles and matrix. The average microhardness of the cladding layer is higher than that of substrate. The wear resistance of the cladding layer is 18 times higher than that of 45 matrix steel and is double that of the quenched Cr12MoV steel. The surface of the reinforced particles were polished rarely and spalled in wear process.

The effects of heat treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of FV520B stainless steel were investigated. The infrared thermographic method (TM) was used to monitor the external temperature of specimens subjected to fatigue loading in order to fast determine fatigue strengths of the virgin and heat-treated FV520B steels. The relationship between the surface temperature and internal microstructures are closely linked to analyze the damage status for safety evaluation. The metallographic investigation shows that the improvement of mechanical properties of FV520B steel can be attributed to the formation of tempered martensite and secondary phase particles uniformly distributed in the matrix. The fatigue microcracks initiate from the favorably oriented grains at the corner of the specimen surface.

A group of poly(methyl)silsesquioxane nanoporous thin films were prepared by pore–generating and spin–coating processes. The nanoporous thin films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). And their scattering profiles and scattering intensities of the group of samples with different porosity were obtained by small angle X–ray scattering (SAXS) in grazing incidence (GISAXS) mode. The results show that there is a good compatibility between the poly(methyl)silsesquioxane precursor and porogen. The films exhibit pore fractal characteristics with disagreement with Porod’s law and give out positive deviation, and the micro–density fluctuations between film substrate and pore structure existed in the system, having a maximum 3 nm of pore radius for the group of poly(methyl)silsesquioxane nanoporous thin films.

Carbon microcoils (CMCs) were prepared by CVD, and then were purified and activated with nitric acid and KOH. The morphology of CMC samples with their catalyzer were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope, optical microscope and X-ray spectrometer, respectively. CMCs supercapacitors were characterized by charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results show that in the current density of 50 mA·g^-1, the electrochemical capacity of no-disposed CMCs, purification CMCs and activation CMCs are 12.7 F·g^-1, 41.4 F·g^-1 and 111.1 F·g^-1 (about 8.75 times before the disposed), respectively. It can be concluded that the capacity of CMCs supercapacitors can be improved by purification and activation.

The optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopes have been used to investigate the effect of the melt superheating treatment (MST) on the microsturctures and Vickers hardness of of alloy 690. The results indicate that the volume fraction and average size of primary TiN decrease as the superheating temperature increases, and its morphology converts from regular blocky to granular. After homogenizing annealing, there is a slight increase in volume fraction of primary TiN, while a moderate decrease in the average size. Additionally, it is found that a great deal of sub-micron Ti(C, N) precipitates dispersedly during recrystallization annealing, and its amount increases with the superheating temperature. These sub-micron Ti(C, N) particles can improve the Vickers hardness of alloy 690 as the strengtheners.

A series of pH sensitive poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogels with different acrylic acid mass fraction (fAAc) were synthesized by the free radical polymerization. The swelling behavior of these hydrogels was studied in alkaline buffer solution and NaOH solution with different pH values, respectively. The results showed that the poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) and poly(acrylic acid–co–acrylamide) (P(AAc–co–AAm)) hydrogels exhibit the excellent pH sensitivity and their equilibrium swelling ratios (ESR) in NaOH solution are higher than those in buffer solution, whereas the poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) only presents the pH sensitivity in NaOH solution. In the two kinds of solution, the ESR of P(AAc–co–AAm) hydrogels increased with the increasing of fAAc in polymer. Furthermore, in the buffer solution, the swelling behavior of P(AAc–co–AAm) hydrogel acts as similar as PAAc when the fAAc ≥20%, while it exhibits analogous swelling characteristics as PAAc and PAAm when the fAAc <20%. The swelling behaviors of hydrogels synthesized are mainly controlled by the electrostatic repulsive and the ion shielding effects in polymer network.

La-substituted strontium ferrites, according to the formula Sr1−xLaxFe12O19 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20), were prepared by the conventional ceramic technology. The influences of La3+ substitution on the structures, magnetic properties and magneto-optical Kerr effect of Sr1−xLaxFe12O19 were systematically investigated. The experimental results showed that a strong magneto-optical activity was induced in strontium ferrites by doping La. When x = 0.20, the magneto-optical activity of the sample Sr0.8La0.2Fe12O19 was 1% higher than that of SrFe12O19.

Sr_2-x-yB₅O₉Cl:xEu^2+, yTb³⁺ blue phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure was analyzed, and the factors affected the PL intensity of Sr₂B₅O₉Cl phosphors were investigated. The optimal conditions to obtain the blue emitting phosphor are 8% (molar fraction) Eu²⁺ concentration, 8% Tb3+ concentration, 30% excess of flux H₃BO₃ and 900℃ reaction temperature; For single-doped Eu²⁺, the concentration quenching mechanism is electric dipole-electric dipole interaction mechanism and the concentration quenching critical distance is about R_C=1.71 nm; Furthermost, there is a strong absorption in the region of 230–410 nm.

Nano-copper/paraffin/expanded graphite thermo-sensitive composites were prepared by high energy ball milling. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The thermal expansion, thermal sensitivity and thermal stability were investigated. The results reveal that copper particles are well coated by paraffin. The particles milled for 98 h are near-spherical in shape and the size of particles is about 100 nm. Nano-copper/paraffin composite particles are embedded in the pores of expanded graphite. Moreover, the expansion decreases with increasing the expanded graphite content, and the thermosensitivity can be improved effectively. Nano-copper/paraffin composites are stable above the phase transition temperature.

Hexagonal plate–shaped BaFe12O19 ferrites are prepared by the second chemical coprecipitation method using co-precipitation synthesized–BaFe12O19 ferrites as template materials. The particle size of the prepared plate-shaped BaFe12O19 ferrites is in the range of 0.4-2 μm with a diameterto-thickness ratio of 4–20. The synthesis process is studied by using XRD, FTIR, TG/DTA, SEM/EDS. It is shown that the precursor was a composite of BaFe12O19 coated by non–crystalline BaCO3, low-crystalline Fe(OH)3 and crystalline α–Fe2O3. During calcinations,the precursor experiences dehydration of Fe(OH)3, decomposition of BaCO3, and the reaction of α–Fe2O3 and BaO, and finally produces BaFe12O19. The prepared plated–shaped BaFe12O19 ferrite presents a higher coercivity and lower saturation magnetization and remanence, owing to its higher purity, slightly poor crystallinity, larger radial size and diameter–length ratio.