(Fe, Ni)4N--coated (Fe, Ni) nanoparticles were synthesized by the thermal ammonolysis reaction in a NH3 atmosphere at 400℃ and 450℃ using  (Fe, Ni) nanoparticles as the precursor. The phase structure, composition, morphology, and the magnetic properties of the composite nanoparticles were examined by XRD, TEM and VSM. By dispersing the nanoparticles homogeneously into a paraffin matrix, the electromagnetic parameters of the nanoparticles were investigated in the frequency range of 2--18 GHz. The result show that the composite nanoparticles were (Fe, Ni) which were coated by (Fe, Ni)4N. Compared to precursor nanoparticles, the composite particles after nitriding had a larger complex permittivity due to multi-dielectric polarization, while the complex permeability exhibited a similar change tendency and a natural resonance peak at 7.8 GHz. It is calculated that the excellent microwave absorption (R<-10 dB)was obtained in the frequency range of 3.6--7.8 GHz and 2.0--6.4 GHz band, and that the minimum reflection loss were -53.5 dB and -34.5 dB at 3.2 GHz and 4.8 GHz for the composite particles at the nitriding temperatures of 400℃ and 450℃, respectively. It may be used as a radar absorption material at low frequencies.

Low cycle fatigue tests of the single crystal nickel-based superalloy DD3 were conducted under multiaxial non-proportional loading at 680 and 850^oC  respectively. The results show that some factors affect low cycle fatigue life significantly. Based on energy dissipation theory, a low cycle fatigue life prediction model for the single crystal superalloy was proposed by using cyclic plasticity strain energy as a parameter. According to the micro structure feature, a γ/γ two-phase unit cell finite element model was established, and its cyclic stress-strain was simulated. Calculation results of the macro and the micro finite element model, and low cycle fatigue test data at 680 and 850^oC were applied to fit the low cycle fatigue life model by multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that the accuracy of the unit cell
model is better than that of the macro model significantly, and all test data of two kinds of temperatures fall into the factor of 1.6 and 2.0 scatter band, respectively.

The iron oxide–based Fe2O3–SiO2 binary composite xerogels were prepared by sol-gel and freeze-drying method using FeCl3·6H2O and TEOS as precursors. The pore structure and specific surface area of the binary xerogels were investigated by means of nitrogen adsorption experiments, FT–IR spectroscopy and SEM. The results show that the specific surface area and the pore volume increase with the silica content, which is caused by Fe–O–Si bonds formed in the binary xerogels. The addition of SiO2 improves the specific area and pore structure of the binary composite xerogels. These will provide a basis for their application in the nano–thermite.

The through-thickness texture evolution and formation mechanism of γ–fiber recrystallization texture in ultra–low C, N 17%Cr ferritic stainless steel during warm rolling were investigated. The results show that: 1.The texture of the cold rolled and annealed sheet displayed pronounced throughthickness texture gradients that were inherited from the hot rolling texture gradients due to the variation of strong through-thickness strain states during warm rolling; 2. After hot rolling and annealing the surface texture consists of a strong shear texture, and the textures with major components at {112}<110>and {111}<110> can be obtained after cold rolling. Therefore, the inhomogeneous γ–fiber recrystallization texture was formed after cold rolling and annealing; 3. The γ–fiber is the major component after the hot
rolling and annealing at mid–section and 1/4–section, and after cold rolling γ–fiber with major component at {111}<112> and the intensity close to that of α–fiber can be obtained. Therefore, a uniform γ–fiber recrystallization texture was formed after cold rolling and annealing.

The microstructure and texture in both the annealing and cold–rolled conditions of 140 μm Ta–7.5%W alloy foils were investigated by TEM and orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis. It is found that the main texture components of the annealing and cold–rolled Ta–7.5%W alloys are {001}<110>,  {113}<110>,  {112}<110> and {111}<110>. In the cold–rolled Ta–7.5%W alloy foils, the dislocation cell structures were formed in both {001}<110> and {113}<110> orientations. There were a lot of equiaxed cell structures with an average size of 500 nm in the grains of {001}<110> texture. The microband structures were developed in the {111}<110> grains, which are distributed parallelly in the grains with a mean space length of 200 nm. The microbands consist of GNBs and IDBs. In the GNBs, there were a set of high density parallel dislocations with the spacing of about 5 nm.

Based on the wear test of metal materials and the variation law of friction coefficients and the surface topographies of wear, the variation of surface roughness during the process of wear was quantitatively studied by using the typical characterizing parameters such as arithmetical mean deviation of the profile (Ra), mean square error (σ), statistical distribution parameters, coefficient of skewness (Rsk) and coefficient of kurtosis (Rku). The results indicated that after the wear was stable, Ra and σ were both decreased gradually and the profile peaks on the wear surface were blunt. In addition, the distribution of profile’s height was more and more near normal distribution and the data were more and more concentrated.

The morphology, structure and magnetic property of the nano–Fe3O4 particles synthesized by a reverse coprecipitation method were characterized by using transmission electron microscope (TEM), X–ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that nearly spherical Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a spinel structure were obtained which exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. The nanoparticles was smaller and more uniform compared with those by the normal coprecipitation method.The size of the nanoparticles increased with the synthesized temperature increasing, and decreased with pH value increasing.

The inverted pyramid-shaped arrays with smooth surface are studied using anisotropic wet etching in TMAH solution containing IPA, which were prepared on (100) orientation silicon wafers with the arrays of 10 μm×10 μm windows. Etching rates and anisotropic factor of the monocrystalline silicon are reduced by adding IPA to TMAH solution in comparison with pure TMAH. It is generally thought that the side facets of inverted pyramid–shaped structures are bounded by (111) planes, but this research indicates that inverted pyramid-shaped structures undergo dramatic changes in shape. At the beginning of etching, the side facets of the inverted pyramid-shaped structures go through the transformation of the (567) facets into (111) planes, then the etching planes deviate from (111) planes, exposing (443) planes.

The extrusion deformation at 573 K was performed on two–phase Mg–10.73Li–4.49Al–0.52Y magnesium–lithium alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) from 1 pass to 4 passes through routes Bc, A and C. The pressed microstructures were investigated by using OM, SEM and XRD. The results show that the grains of both α and β phases are significantly elongated and refined after ECAP deformation with different routes. After 4 passes, flaky grains were obtained for route A, equiaxed grains were gained for route C, and structures alternated with equiaxed and lath–like features were observed for route Bc. The mechanical tensile test at room temperature indicates that route Bc gets good integrated mechanical properties, whose elongation is up to 70%. The texture of {110} crystal plane for β phase reveals that different changes exist among three pressing routes with ECAP passes, but textures of all three routes become softening, therefore the tensile strength decreases correspondingly as the texture softening is more effective than grain refining.

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) powder was plated with nickel layer by the deposition process with the raw materials of hBN, NaCO3 and NiCl2. The Ni–20Cr/hBN self–lubricating composites were prepared by powder metallurgy with the hBN powder coated Ni and common hBN. The effects of hBN coated with Ni on density, porosity, hardness, strength and the tribological properties of the Ni–20Cr/hBN composites were studied. The results show that the Ni–20Cr/hBN composite with the hBN coated with Ni has better mechanical properties and lower porosities. The density, bending strength and hardnes increase and the porosity decreases. Besides, the composite with hBN coated with Ni has better anti-friction performance in a wide temperature region. At room temperature and 600^oC, the friction coefficient changes less, while the wear rate decreases at 600 ^oC.

Manganese-doped sulfophosphate glasses (P2O5–ZnO–ZnSO4–Na2O) were synthesized by traditional melting–quenching method. The structure and luminescence properties of the glasses with varying SO2−4 content were studied. The results revealed that a broad emission band of Mn2+ from 500 to 750 nm excited by a 409 nm laser was observed. With the introduction of SO2−4 , the ligand field around Mn2+ was affected, resulting in the increasing of the luminescence intensity and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Mn2+ emission.

S2O2−8 /Al–Zn–Ce–O solid acid catalysts were synthesized by sol–gel. The structures and properties of the catalyst were characterized by means of infrared spectrum (IR), X–ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalytic activities and reusabilities for the synthesis of n–butyl acetate from acetic acid and n-butanol were investigated. Compared with S2O2−8 /Al–Zn–O solid acid catalyst, S2O2−8 /Al–Zn–Ce–O solid acid catalyst exhibited better stability with above 94% esterification efficiency even after being used repeatedly for five times.

The effects of Sb contents on the microstructure and corrosion behavior in NaCl solution of as-cast AM50-Y alloy were studied. The results show that with the addition of Sb, YSb phase forms preferentially. As Sb contents increase, the size and amount of the polygonal Al2Y reduce, while the amount of YSb phase increases, which aggregates and increases in size when Sb content is up to 1%. The corrosion rate and corrosion current of the alloys are improved, whereas the oxide film resistance and electric double layer capacitance are reduced with the increase of Sb. The alloy with 1% Sb has the worst corrosion resistance, and the corrosion rate is up to 2.65 mg·cm−2·d−1, which is increased by nearly 2 times compared with the alloy without Sb addition.

LaPO4:Eu3+ nanophosphors with different sizes were prepared by hydrothermal reaction  with different phosphorus sources. The results by XRD show that all products were ascribed to monoclinic crystal. The size of the products became larger and the crystallization was improved after heat treatment at 900^oC. The compared results of the emission intensity of samples with different sizes under different excitations showed that the effect of the crystal size on the emission intensity of the samples excited under UV and VUV sources is quite different.

The TiC/Ti3SiC2 foam ceramics was prepared by high frequency induction heating reaction-melting infiltration using polyurethane foam as primary skeleton. The phase composition, microarea chemical content, micro morphology and structure, and apparent anti-compression properties of the foam materials obtained at different processing stages are investigated. The results show that the TiC/Ti3SiC2 foam ceramics consist of 3-D interconnected network frame of TiC, Ti3SiC2, and Ti5Si3 successively formed with the increasing of Ti content. The average apparent compressive strength of the prepared foam materials rises during reaction-melting infiltration, and reaches to 19.4 MPa when TiC/Ti3SiC2 foam ceramics formed.

The upconversion spectroscopic properties of Na+(K+)/Er codoped 50SiO2–30PbO–20PbF2–0.80ErF3 glasses and glass ceramics were studied. Three major glasses were prepared by sintering method according to the following molar composition: 50SiO2–30PbO–20PbF2–0.8ErF3 (EG), 50SiO2–30PbO–20PbF2–0.5KO1/2–0.8ErF3 (KG), 50SiO2–30PbO–20PbF2–0.5NaF–0.8ErF3 (NaG). Er3+: β–PbF2 nano–crystallites grew in whole glasses, after heating treatment at the temperature 30oC higher than Tg. However, there existed small amount of Er3+ : β–PbF2 nano–crystallite in the NaG even before heating treatment. J–O parameters, Ω2, Ω4, Ω6, were calculated from absorption spectrum according to J–O theory. The glass ceramics emitted more intensive red, green and blue upconersion luminescence than that of the glasses under exitation of 980 nm laser diode.

Based on the traditional polymeric sponge replication process to make porous ceramics, and considering the particle grading of the slurry powder, a novel theoretical models based on the stovall formula was built. The relationship between particle size distribution and stacking density of powder for the prefabricated porous ceramic was derived from the model and the largest stacking density can be obtained as particle grading parameter δ is 4. The different porous ceramics made of different median particle diameter D50 and δ were prepared and the physical and chemical properties were carried out. The test result was compared with the theoretical model. The results show that the pore structure, particles bonding and physical and chemical properties are optimum for the porous ceramic made by particle grading 4.2, which matches the theoretical result.

Cr3+ : Al2O3 nano-powders were prepared by ball milling method and annealed at 700℃ or 1200℃ for 2 h in the air. The samples annealed at 1200℃ are of single phase with the α–Al2O3 structure, except that there are some low-intensity peaks of γ–Al2O3 appearing in the Cr(1.6%)–doped sample. The samples'  lattice constants increase with the increase of the doping of Cr3+ ions. Using the excitation source with a wavelength of 579 nm, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of all the samples shows a strong emission band between 469 nm and 492 nm, which is ascribed to the absorption of F+ color center. The samples annealed at  1200℃ show a strong emission band at 694 nm caused by the transition of Cr3+ ions’ electronics from 2A to 4A2 and the 0.3% Cr doped sample shows the greatest fluorescence emission intensity. When the doped concentration was greater than 0.3%, too many Cr3+ ions can couple and lead to concentration quenching. In contrast, for the samples annealed at 700 !, only the 0.3% Cr doped sample exhibits a low–intensity emission peak at 694 nm.