Sodium Gluconate Assisted Synthesis of Nest-like Bi/β-Bi2O3 Heterojunction and Its Visible-light Driven Photocatalytic Activities

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2023.430

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (7): 549-560 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2023.430

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Sodium Gluconate Assisted Synthesis of Nest-like Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ Heterojunction and Its Visible-light Driven Photocatalytic Activities

ZHOU Hui¹, DU Bin¹, YANG Pengbin¹, JIN Dangqin¹, XIAO Jiali¹, SHEN Ming²(

), WANG Shengwen¹

^1.School of Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou 225127, China
^2.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China

Cite this article:

ZHOU Hui, DU Bin, YANG Pengbin, JIN Dangqin, XIAO Jiali, SHEN Ming, WANG Shengwen. Sodium Gluconate Assisted Synthesis of Nest-like Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ Heterojunction and Its Visible-light Driven Photocatalytic Activities. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(7): 549-560.

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Abstract

The nest-like bismuth-containing precursor was prepared by hydrothermal method with sodium gluconate as auxiliaries. The effect of the hydrothermal temperature and reactant concentration on the morphology and composition of the prepared precursor were systematically studied, and the formation mechanism of the precursor was elucidated. Then, calcination of the precursor was carried out at 150^oC~400^oC, during which the precursor decomposed to Bi₂O₃. At the same time, the carbon generated by high-temperature carbonization of the gluconic acid involved in the skeleton of the precursor can in situ reduce Bi³⁺ to Bi nanoparticles. The phase transition during calcination process can be described as: precursor→Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ (150^oC~280^oC) →Bi/β-Bi₂O₃/α-Bi₂O₃ (300^oC~350^oC)→Bi (400^oC). The degradation of levofloxacin hydrochloride (LVFH) was used as a probe to evaluate the visible-light photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ heterojunctions. Among others, the Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ heterojunction obtained at 280^oC exhibited the best visible-light photocatalytic activity, and the degradation rate of LVFH can reach 97.75% after 140 min of visible-light irradiation. Its superior photocatalytic performance was attributed to the nest-like hierarchical structure and the SPR effect of the in situ generated Bi-nanoparticles, which improved visible-light harvesting and promoted the separation of photogenerated carriers. In addition, the Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ heterojunction photocatalyst showed good recyclable and reusable performance.

Key words: composite Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ visible-light photocatalysis sodium gluconate heterojunction levofloxacin hydrochloride

Received: 29 August 2023

ZTFLH:

O643.36

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(21673201);Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(22KJB156);Science and Technology Project of Yangzhou(YZ2022081);Science and Technology Project of Yangzhou(YZ2022196);Key Project of Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute(2021xjzk004)

Corresponding Authors: SHEN Ming, Tel: 13665248181, E-mail: shenming@yzu.edu.cn

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	ZHOU Hui
	DU Bin
	YANG Pengbin
	JIN Dangqin
	XIAO Jiali
	SHEN Ming
	WANG Shengwen

URL:

https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2023.430 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2024/V38/I7/549

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of products synthesis process

Fig.2 SEM (a, b) and TEM (c~e) images of precursor

Fig.3 XRD pattern of precursor

Fig.4 XPS spectra of the precursor (a) survey spectrum, (b) Bi4f spectrum, (c) C1s spectrum and (d) O1s spectrum

Table 1 Elementary analysis (EA) results of the precursor (mass fraction, %)

Fig.5 SEM images of samples after hydrothermal treatment for 3 h (a), 6 h (b), 9 h (c) and 12 h (d) and SEM images of samples prepared without PEG4000 (e) and sodium gluconate (f) and XRD patterns (g) of the corresponding products

Fig.6 XRD patterns of samples calcinated at different temperatures (a) 150~280^oC, (b) 300~400^oC

Fig.7 TG curves of the precursor

Fig.8 XPS spectra of Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ heterojunction photocatalyst calcinated at 280^oC (a) survey spectrum; (b) Bi4f spectrum

Fig.9 SEM (a, b), TEM (c), selected-area electron diffraction pattern (d) and HRTEM images (e, f) of Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ heterojunction photocatalyst calcinated at 280^oC

Fig.10 Typical N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm of precursor and Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ heterojunction photocatalyst (The inset shows the corresponding pore size distribution) (a); DRS UV-vis spectrum of pure β-Bi₂O₃ and as-prepared Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ samples calcinated at 280^oC (b)

Fig.11 Temporal evolution of the UV-vis absorption spectra of LFVH solution photodegradation by Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation (a); degradation efficiency curves of LFVH by different photocatalysts (b); the corresponding fitting plots of pseudo-first-order rate reaction dynamics (c) and cyclic experiments for LFVH degradation using Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ as a photocatalyst (d)

Table 2 Performance comparison of LVFH degradation by various photocatalysts

Fig.12 Effect of different scavengers on the photodegradation of LFVH with Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ as the photocatalyst (a) and photo-current density of Bi、β-Bi₂O₃ and Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ samples under visible-light irradiation (b)

Fig.13 Scheme of the photocatalytic mechanism of Bi/β-Bi₂O₃ heterojunction photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation

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