High Temperature Stability and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of DM Hot Working Die Steel

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2019.339

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2020, Vol. 34

Issue (2): 125-136 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2019.339

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High Temperature Stability and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of DM Hot Working Die Steel

SHI Yuanji¹,YU Linhui¹,YU Zhaopeng²,CHENG Gong¹,WU Xiaochun³,TENG Hongchun¹(

)

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210046, China
2. School of Automotive Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, China
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China

Cite this article:

SHI Yuanji,YU Linhui,YU Zhaopeng,CHENG Gong,WU Xiaochun,TENG Hongchun. High Temperature Stability and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of DM Hot Working Die Steel. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2020, 34(2): 125-136.

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Abstract

The microstructure and performance of a novel DM steel for hot forging dies were systematically investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and thermal fatigue tester. Results show that the laminar M₃C carbides gradually transform into blocky carbides M₇C₃ inside the martensitic slabs, while carbides M₇C₃ and M₂₃C₆ are found at boundaries of slabs. Based on the Uddeholm self-restricting thermal fatigue test results, the short cyclic thermal fatigue performance was controlled by dislocation rearrangement and annihilation. Whereas, the long cyclic one was affected by the temper resistance of the DM steel and strongly depended on the carbide morphology and their resistance to over-ageing. In addition, the free energies of formation for carbides M₃C, M₇C₃ and M₆C in the DM steel are 236.4, 212.0, and 228.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The mechanism of carbides evolution during the thermal stability test is consistent with thermal fatigue test, the transformation of the carbides follows the sequence as M₃C→M₇C₃→M₆C.

Key words: metallography hot working die steel micro-analysis carbides High temperature stability thermal fatigue

Received: 09 July 2019

ZTFLH:

TG430.1040

Fund: Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(19KJB430024);the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20181036);Start-up Foundation of NIIT(YK180113)

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	Yuanji SHI
	Linhui YU
	Zhaopeng YU
	Gong CHENG
	Xiaochun WU
	Hongchun TENG

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2019.339 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2020/V34/I2/125

Table 1 Normal chemical composition of DM steel (mass fraction，%)

Fig.1 Schematic of the thermal fatigue test apparatus and specimen

Fig.2 Hardness dependence on time for DM steel at different tempering temperatures

Fig.3 TEM morphologies of DM steel after tempering at 620℃ for 1 h (a) bright-field image, (b) and (c) dark-field image of the strip-like carbides and corresponding SAD pattern, (d) EDS spectra of the strip-like carbides

Fig.4 TEM morphologies of DM steel after tempering at 620℃ for 1 h (a) bright-field images, (b) and (c) dark-field image of the rod-like carbides and corresponding SAD pattern

Table 2 The morphologies, sizes and types of carbides after tempering at 620℃ for 1 h and 20 h of DM steel

Fig.5 TEM morphologies of DM steel after tempering at 620℃ for 16 h

Fig.6 TEM morphologies of DM steel after tempering at 620℃ for 16 h (a) bright-field image, (b) and (c) dark-field image of the carbides and corresponding SAD pattern

Fig.7 Macroscopic morphologies of thermal fatigue cracks on the surface of DM steel after different thermal cycles (a) 400 cycles, (b) 600 cycles, (c) 1000 cycles, (d) 2000 cycles and (e) 3000 cycles

Table 3 Thermal fatigue damage factors of DM steel after different thermal cycles:

Fig.8 Hardness gradient on the cross section of DM steel after different thermal cycles

Fig.9 TEM images of DM steel before thermal fatigue test by carbide extraction replica technique (a) 300 X; (b) 10000 X

Fig.10 TEM images of DM steel after 600 thermal cycles by carbide extraction replica technique (a) 300 X; (b) 10000 X

Fig.11 TEM images of DM steel after 2000 thermal cycles by carbide extraction replica technique (a) 300 X; (b) 10000 X

Fig.12 TEM images of DM steel after 3000 thermal cycles by carbide extraction replica technique (a) 300 X; (b) 10000 X; (c) diffraction patterns of the region c in fig.12 (b); (d) diffraction patterns of the region d in fig.12 (b)

Fig.13 Area precentage of carbides after different thermal cycles

Fig. 15 XRD spectrum of DM steel after different thermal cycles

Fig.16 Dislocation density on the surface of DM steel after different thermal cycles

Table 4 The free energy of formation for the carbides in ΔG_MxCy DM steel

Fig.17 Relationship of the free energy of formation for the carbides in DM steel with temperature

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