<strong>Ti</strong>含量对奥氏体<strong>15Cr-ODS</strong>合金硬度的影响

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.137

材料研究学报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (4): 295-304 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.137

研究论文

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Ti含量对奥氏体15Cr-ODS合金硬度的影响

曹意¹^,², 李静²(

), 熊良银², 刘实², 张春华¹(

)

^1.沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110870
^2.中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016

Effect of Ti Content on Microstructure and Hardness of an Austenitic 15Cr-ODS Alloy

CAO Yi¹^,², LI Jing²(

), XIONG Liangyin², LIU Shi², ZHANG Chunhua¹(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
^2.Shi -changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

曹意, 李静, 熊良银, 刘实, 张春华. Ti含量对奥氏体15Cr-ODS合金硬度的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(4): 295-304.
Yi CAO, Jing LI, Liangyin XIONG, Shi LIU, Chunhua ZHANG. Effect of Ti Content on Microstructure and Hardness of an Austenitic 15Cr-ODS Alloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(4): 295-304.

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摘要:

用机械合金化制备Fe-15Ni-15Cr-2.0Mo-1.0Mn-(0.2, 0.8, 1.5)Ti-0.4Y₂O₃合金并使用SEM、EBSD、TEM和显微硬度仪等手段对其表征，研究了Ti含量对其微观组织和显微硬度的影响。结果表明，Ti含量的提高使这种合金中生成的Y-Ti-O复合纳米氧化物显著增加。Ti含量为0.8% (质量分数)的合金中纳米氧化物颗粒的尺寸范围为2~7 nm，氧化物主要由烧绿石结构的Y₂Ti₂O₇和正交结构的Y₂TiO₅组成。纳米氧化物对晶界的强钉扎和合金晶粒的细化，使其显微硬度从302.7HV_0.5(0.2%Ti)提高到401.3HV_0.5。但是，Ti含量提高到1.5%的合金，过量的Ti在其内生成粗大的TiO₂颗粒而使晶粒增大和硬度下降。大约0.8%的Ti含量与0.4% (质量分数)的Y₂O₃配合，可在15Cr-FeCrNi合金中生成弥散分布、尺寸较小的纳米强化相，使其显微硬度较高。

关键词 ：材料合成与加工工艺, 15Cr-ODS奥氏体合金, 热等静压, Ti含量, 微观结构, 显微硬度

Abstract：

An austenitic oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy with the composition of Fe-15Ni-15Cr-2.0Mo-1.0Mn-(0.2, 0.8, 1.5) Ti-0.4Y₂O₃ was fabricated using mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The effect of Ti content on the microstructure and microhardness of austenitic 15Cr-ODS alloy was studied through SEM, EBSD, TEM, and microhardness tester. The results show that the increase of Ti content significantly facilitates the formation of Y-Ti-O complex oxide particles. When the Ti content approaches 0.8% (mass fraction), the size of oxide particles in the matrix is mainly concentrated in the range from 2 nm to 7 nm. These nano oxideparticles nanoparticles are mainly composed of Y₂Ti₂O₇ with pyrochlore structure and Y₂TiO₅ with orthogonal structure. Due to the strong pinning effect of nano oxide-particles to grain boundaries, the grain refinement is achieved in the ODS alloy with 0.8% addition of Ti. At the same time, the microhardness of the alloy is increased from 302.7HV_0.5(0.2%Ti) to 401.3HV_0.5 (0.8%Ti). However, when Ti increases to 1.5%, the excessive Ti leads to the formation of coarse TiO₂ particles in addition to Y₂Ti₂O₇ and Y₂TiO₅, which leads to increased grain size and decreased hardness of the alloy. It is proven that the nano oxideparticles with homogenous distribution and fine size can be obtained in the 15Cr-FeCrNi ODS alloy when the contents of Ti and Y₂O₃ are about 0.8% and 0.4% (mass fraction), respectively, thus providing better mechanical properties.

Key words： synthesizing and processing technics for materials 15Cr-ODS austenitic alloy hot isostatic pressing Ti content microstructure microhardness

收稿日期: 2025-04-14

ZTFLH:

TG142.7

基金资助:中核科研领创项目(CNNC-LCKY-2024-094)

通讯作者: 李静，副研究员，jingli@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为氧化物弥散强化合金；
张春华，教授，zhangchunhua5858@126.com，研究方向为材料表面工程;

Corresponding author: LI Jing, Tel: 15140168377, E-mail: jingli@imr.ac.cn;
ZHANG Chunhua, Tel: 13709840616, E-mail: zhangchunhua5858@126.com

作者简介: 曹意，女，1998年生，硕士生

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图1 不同Ti含量热等静压态ODS合金的晶粒IPF图和晶粒尺寸分布

图2 不同Ti含量ODS合金的晶粒核平均取向差KAM图

图3 不同Ti含量ODS合金的TEM明场像和纳米氧化物尺寸分布

图4 0.2Ti合金内氧化物颗粒的HRTEM照片和相应的FFT衍射斑点

图5 0.8Ti合金内氧化物颗粒的HRTEM照片和相应的FFT衍射斑点

图6 1.5Ti合金内氧化物颗粒的HRTEM照片和相应的FFT衍射斑点

Fig.4a	d₁{ $2 ¯ 2 ¯ 2 ¯$ } / nm	d₂{ $400$ } / nm	d₃{2 $2 ¯ 2 ¯$ } / nm	α₁₂	α₂₃	α₁₃
Measured	0.2862	0.2552	0.2808	123.88°	53.60°	69.43°
Y₂Ti₂O₇	0.2912	0.2522	0.2912	125.26°	54.73°	70.52°
Fig.4b	d₁{ $2 ¯ 1 ¯ 1 ¯$ } / nm	d₂{403} / nm	d₃{2 $1 ¯$ 2} / nm	α₁₂	α₂₃	α₁₃
Measured	0.3003	0.2156	0.2646	127.07°	45.20°	81.86°
Y₂TiO₅	0.2907	0.2129	0.2653	127.53°	46.36°	81.16°
Fig.4c	d₁{ $4 ¯ 2 ¯ 2 ¯$ } / nm	d₂{ $1 ¯ 1 ¯$ 2} / nm	d₃{ $5 ¯ 3 ¯$ 0} / nm	α₁₂	α₂₃	α₁₃
Measured	0.2393	0.4311	0.1858	81.89°	54.16°	24.73°
Y₂O₃	0.2363	0.4327	0.1817	80.40°	55.93°	24.46°

表1 图4中氧化物颗粒晶面间距(d)和角度(α)的测量值和理论值

Fig.5a	d₁{ $4 ¯$ 00} / nm	d₂{2 $2 ¯ 2 ¯$ } / nm	d₃{ $2 ¯ 2 ¯ 2 ¯$ } / nm	α₁₂	α₂₃	α₁₃
Measured	0.2578	0.2803	0.2819	125.57°	70.34°	54.32°
Y₂Ti₂O₇	0.2522	0.2912	0.2912	125.26°	70.52°	54.73°
Fig.5b	d₁{ $4 ¯ 1 ¯ 1 ¯$ } / nm	d₂{01 $2 ¯$ } / nm	d₃{ $4 ¯$ 0 $3 ¯$ } / nm	α₁₂	α₂₃	α₁₃
Measured	0.2058	0.3001	0.1980	110.74°	71.12°	39.61°
Y₂TiO₅	0.2083	0.3091	0.2029	111.63°	71.81°	39.82°

表2 图5中氧化物颗粒晶面间距(d)和角度(α)的测量值和理论值

Fig.6a	d₁{ $2 ¯ 2 ¯ 2 ¯$ } / nm	d₂{400} / nm	d₃{2 $2 ¯ 2 ¯$ } / nm	α₁₂	α₂₃	α₁₃
Measured	0.3070	0.2541	0.2964	126.27°	53.65°	69.61°
Y₂Ti₂O₇	0.2912	0.2522	0.2912	125.26°	54.73°	70.52°
Fig.6b	d₁{ $2 ¯ 1 ¯ 2 ¯$ } / nm	d₂{ $2 ¯$ 21} / nm	d₃{ $4 ¯$ 1 $1 ¯$ } / nm	α₁₂	α₂₃	α₁₃
Measured	0.2690	0.1721	0.2135	123.52°	38.99°	84.53°
Y₂TiO₅	0.2653	0.1721	0.2083	124.68°	40.21°	84.46°
Fig.6c	d₁{ $1 ¯$ 00} / nm	d₂{00 $1 ¯$ } / nm	d₃{ $1 ¯$ 0 $1 ¯$ } / nm	α₁₂	α₂₃	α₁₃
Measured	0.4592	0.2892	0.2576	89.55°	33.34°	56.77°
TiO₂	0.4594	0.2959	0.2487	90.00°	32.78°	57.21°

表3 图6中氧化物颗粒晶面间距(d)和角度(α)的测量值和理论值

表4 三种合金中氧化物粒子的种类和数量占比

图7 ODS合金的显微硬度

图8 不同Ti含量奥氏体ODS钢中氧化物生成的示意图

Alloy	Types of oxide	δ / %	$r s t$ / J·m^-2
0.2Ti	Y₂Ti₂O₇	5.1	0.42
	Y₂TiO₅	4.2	0.36
	Y₂O₃	10.6	0.71
0.8Ti	Y₂Ti₂O₇	5.6	0.45
	Y₂TiO₅	0.2	0.02
1.5Ti	Y₂Ti₂O₇	5.5	0.44
	Y₂TiO₅	3.9	0.34
	TiO₂	-	-

表5 3种合金中氧化物颗粒的δ和rst值

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