铝基互穿相多孔复合材料的制备及其力学性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.352

材料研究学报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (8): 605-612 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.352

研究论文

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铝基互穿相多孔复合材料的制备及其力学性能

李嘉文¹, 于巍¹(

), 王鹏¹, 庄印¹, 白玉¹^,², 郝海¹^,²(

)

^1.大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院辽宁省凝固控制与数字化成型技术重点实验室大连 116024
^2.大连理工大学宁波研究院宁波 315016

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Interpenetrating Porous Al-based Composites with Hollow-strut Lattice Structures

LI Jiawen¹, YU Wei¹(

), WANG Peng¹, ZHUANG Yin¹, BAI Yu¹^,², HAO Hai¹^,²(

)

^1.Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
^2.Ningbo Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China

引用本文:

李嘉文, 于巍, 王鹏, 庄印, 白玉, 郝海. 铝基互穿相多孔复合材料的制备及其力学性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(8): 605-612.
Jiawen LI, Wei YU, Peng WANG, Yin ZHUANG, Yu BAI, Hai HAO. Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Interpenetrating Porous Al-based Composites with Hollow-strut Lattice Structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(8): 605-612.

全文: PDF(11227 KB) HTML

摘要:

以三种不同力学特性的晶格结构作为基本单元、用渗流铸造工艺一体化制备一种具有不同杂化晶格结构的新型铝基互穿复合材料并表征其力学行为，研究了这种材料的力学性能、变形模式和应力响应。结果表明，这种复合材料结合了有序多孔铝和无序泡沫铝的优异性能，保持了结构轻质特性和稳定应力响应，使其压缩强度和能量吸收能力显著提高。与组成复合材料的单一组元的力学性能总和相比，这种复合材料的压缩强度提高了58.90%，能量吸收提高了287.67%。

关键词 ：金属基复合材料, 铝基互穿复合材料, 压缩性能, 晶格结构

Abstract：

Porous aluminum is widely used in protective structures due to its advantages such as lightweight, having high energy absorption efficiency, and multi-functionality. However, the increasingly stringent service requirements for lightweight materials in engineering structures have highlighted the limitations of traditional porous aluminum, necessitating the development of new high-performance composite structures. To address this issue, Herein, a novel interpenetrating phase Al-based composites (IPCs), which ingeniously integrate ordered lattice structures with hollow struts and disordered Al-foam. The composites were fabricated using a conventional infiltration casting process, ensuring simplicity and practicality for engineering applications. Three distinct lattice structures with varying mechanical characteristics were selected as the reinforcing phase, leading to the design and preparation of three composite configurations. A comprehensive evaluation of their mechanical performance and deformation mechanisms was conducted through quasi-static compression tests. The results demonstrate that the composites successfully integrate the advantages of both the ordered lattice and the disordered foam. It maintains the characteristics of being lightweight and exhibits a stable stress response, while simultaneously significantly enhancing the macroscopic compressive strength and energy absorption capacity. Specifically, compared to the sum of the mechanical properties of its individual constituents, the proposed composite achieves a maximum increase of 58.90% in compressive strength and a remarkable maximum enhancement of 287.67% in energy absorption, indicating a pronounced synergistic effect. In summary, the developed Al-based IPCs with hollow struts not only features a simple and potentially scalable preparation process but also achieves an excellent combination of strength and toughness while maintaining low density, providing a new design strategy and a viable technical pathway for the development of next-generation high-performance lightweight protective materials.

Key words： metal matrix composites Al-matrix interpenetrating porous composites compressive properties lattice structure

收稿日期: 2025-11-27

ZTFLH:

TG244

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52171030);国家自然科学基金青年计划(52504403)

通讯作者: 于巍，助理教授，yw@dlut.edu.cn，研究方向为轻量化铝合金;
郝海，教授，haohai@dlut.edu.cn，研究方向为合金轻量化

Corresponding author: YU Wei, Tel: 18840041956, E-mail: yw@dlut.edu.cn;
HAO Hai, Tel: (0411)84709458, E-mail: haohai@dlut.edu.cn

作者简介: 李嘉文，男，1996年生，博士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2025.352 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2026/V40/I8/605

图 1 有序多孔铝和互穿相复合材料的制备工艺和结构设计策略

图2 具有中空支柱的铝基互穿相多孔复合材料的三维重构图

图3 三种IPCs和无序泡沫铝在准静态压缩载荷作用下的变形模式

图4 IPCs、泡沫铝和有序多孔铝的应力-应变曲线

图5 IPCs、泡沫铝和有序多孔铝的力学性能

图6 ZL111合金和泡沫铝结合界面的微观形貌和元素分布

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