焊接热输入对<strong>Q620qENH</strong>钢力学性能的影响

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.080

材料研究学报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (2): 99-107 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.080

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

焊接热输入对Q620qENH钢力学性能的影响

朱经炜¹, 余婷婷¹, 张可¹^,²(

), 万国喜¹^,², 李景辉¹, 黄重², 李昭东³, 徐党委², 彭宁琦⁴

^1.安徽工业大学冶金工程学院马鞍山 243032
^2.安阳钢铁集团有限责任公司安阳 455004
^3.钢铁研究总院有限公司工程用钢研究院北京 100081
^4.湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司技术中心湘潭 411101

Effect of Welding Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Coarse-grained Heat-affected Zone for Q620qENH Steel Welded Joints

ZHU Jingwei¹, YU Tingting¹, ZHANG Ke¹^,²(

), WAN Guoxi¹^,², LI Jinghui¹, HUANG Zhong², LI Zhaodong³, XU Dangwei², PENG Ningqi⁴

^1.School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, China
^2.Anyang Iron & Steel Group Co., Ltd., Anyang 455004, China
^3.Institute for Structural Steels, Central Iron & Steel Research Institute Company Limited, Beijing 100081, China
^4.Hunan Valin Xiangtan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. Technology Center, Xiangtan 411101, China

引用本文:

朱经炜, 余婷婷, 张可, 万国喜, 李景辉, 黄重, 李昭东, 徐党委, 彭宁琦. 焊接热输入对Q620qENH钢力学性能的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(2): 99-107.
Jingwei ZHU, Tingting YU, Ke ZHANG, Guoxi WAN, Jinghui LI, Zhong HUANG, Zhaodong LI, Dangwei XU, Ningqi PENG. Effect of Welding Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Coarse-grained Heat-affected Zone for Q620qENH Steel Welded Joints[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(2): 99-107.

全文: PDF(26243 KB) HTML

摘要:

用Gleeble-3800热模拟实验机模拟不同热输入(10~80 kJ/cm)焊接Q620qENH钢的热循环，使用OM、SEM、EBSD、Vickers硬度计等手段对其表征并进行低温冲击实验，研究了热输入对这种钢的粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)的显微组织和力学性能的影响及其机理。结果表明：热输入较低(10~40 kJ/cm)时CGHAZ的显微组织主要由板条贝氏体(LB)和少量粒状贝氏体(GB)组成，显微硬度为310~330HV，-40 ℃冲击功为250~300 J，冲击断口具有多尺度网状韧窝特征。随着热输入从50 kJ/cm提高到80 kJ/cm，GB的含量提高而LB的含量降低、板条束结构明显减少、组织明显粗化、原始奥氏体晶界的尺寸增大、M/A岛组元的占比提高且其显微硬度降低到253HV。热输入由60 kJ/cm提高到80 kJ/cm，使实验钢的低温韧性显著降低、-40 ℃冲击功由273 J骤降到36 J、冲击断口呈现明显的河流状花样表现为脆性断裂特征，其原因是实验钢韧脆转变的热输入为60 kJ/cm。这表明，实验钢的最佳热输入低于60 kJ/cm，可使其高硬度和优异低温韧性良好匹配。

关键词 ：金属材料, 粗晶热影响区, 焊接热模拟, 显微组织, 冲击韧性

Abstract：

The Q620qENH steel plates were welded via a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulation set, while the welding thermal cycles of varying heat inputs ranging from 10 kJ/cm to 80 kJ/cm were applied. Then the steel and its weld joints were characterized by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), Vickers hardness tester, and low-temperature impact tests, in terms of the effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of the coarse-grained heat-affected zones (CGHAZ) of weld joints. The results reveal that at lower heat inputs (10 kJ/cm to 40 kJ/cm), the microstructure of the CGHAZs is primarily composed of lath bainite (LB) and a minor fraction of granular bainite (GB), with microhardness values stabilized between 310 and 330HV, and with impact energy at -40 ^oC maintained within the range of 250 J to 300 J. The impact fracture surfaces exhibit a pattern of multi-scale reticular dimples feature. As heat input increases from 50 kJ/cm to 80 kJ/cm, the GB content increases while LB diminishes, a pronounced reduction in the lath bundle structure, significant coarsening of the microstructure, enlargement of the prior austenite grain boundary size, and increased proportion of M/A island constituents, which results in a decrease in microhardness to 253HV. Upon further increasing the heat input from 60 kJ/cm to 80 kJ/cm, there is a significant deterioration in the low-temperature toughness of the steel, with the impact energy at -40 ^oC plummeting from 273 J to 36 J. The impact fracture surfaces display a distinct river-like pattern, indicative of brittle fracture characteristics. This is attributed to the fact that the transition from ductility to brittleness of this grade steel occurs at a heat input of 60 kJ/cm. This is attributed to joints the fact that the transition from ductile-to-brittle of the steel occurs at a heat input of 60 kJ/cm. Consequently, the optimal heat input range for the Q620qENH steel is below 60 kJ/cm to achieve a favorable matching between high hardness and excellent low-temperature toughness.

Key words： metallic materials coarse-grained heat-affected zone welding thermal simulation microstructure impact toughness

收稿日期: 2025-02-21

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3706401);安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(2023AH051090);河南省博士后科研启动项目(202103098);国家自然科学基金(PZ2024000269)

通讯作者: 张可，副教授，huzhude@yeah.net，研究方向为先进钢铁材料

Corresponding author: ZHANG Ke, Tel: (0555)2311571, E-mail: huzhude@yeah.net

作者简介: 朱经炜，男，2000年生，硕士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2025.080 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2026/V40/I2/99

图1 实验用钢的焊接热循环曲线示意图

图2 不同热输入焊接实验用钢的OM像

图3 不同热输入焊接实验钢的SEM照片

图4 不同热输入焊接实验钢的EBSD特征

图5 大小角度晶粒的占比

图6 不同热输入焊接实验钢的EBSD特征

图7 不同热输入焊接CGHAZ的力学性能

图8 不同热输入焊接实验钢的冲击断口形貌

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