The surface properties of zinc modified melamine polyphosphate (Zn-MPP) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) were analyzed by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) in this work.. Four n–alkanes (C6, C7, C8, and C9) were chosen as apolar probes to characterize the dispersive component of surface free energy. Trichloromethane (CHCl3), acetone, ether and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were chosen as polar probes to detect the Lewis acid–base parameters. It was found the dispersive component of free energy of zinc modified melamine polyphosphate (Zn-MPP) was 63.3, 61.9, 61.1, and 59.0 mJ/m2 at 100, 110, 120, and 130℃, respectively. And the dispersive component of free energy of melamine polyphosphate (MPP) was 52.9, 53.9, 55.8, and 56.5 mJ/m2 at 100, 110, 120, and 130℃, respectively. The Lewis acidic number Ka of the Zn-MPP was 0.44, and the basic number Kb was 1.02. And the Lewis acidic number Ka of the MPP was 0.24, and the basic number Kb was 0.96. The result means the Zn-MPP and MPP was a weak Lewis basic material. The Lewis acidic number Ka of the Zn-MPP is higher than the MPP. The ratio of Lewis acid–base numbers (Kb /Ka) of Zn-MPP is smaller than MPP.

High-density AlN ceramics were prepared without sintering additives by high-pressure sintering at 5.0 GPa and differente temperatures. The characterization of the sintered bodies was determined by XRD, SEM and micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS). Compared conventional liquid-phase sintering, the sintering temperature was effectively lowered and the sitering time was shortened under high pressure. Controlling fracture mode was intraguanular when the sintering temperature was as low as 1400 °C under 5.0 GPa. The microstructure of single-phase equiaxed polycrystal in AlN body materials formed at 1800°C and 5.0 GPa for 50 min. There are Residual compression stress in AlN bodies prepared by high-pressure and residual compression stress of the AlN ceramics sintered at 5.0 GPa and 1700 °C for 125 min is -2.0 GPa.

The doping effect of rare-earth elements was systematically investigated in BaTiO3-R2O3-MgO (R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Yb) dielectrics. Due to the different site occupancy and compensation model, the smaller-ions show higher insulation resistivity compared with the larger-ions. SEM-EDS indicate that the diffusivity and solubility of rare-earth ions in BaTiO3 decrease as the ionic radius decreases, so the larger-ions distribute uniformly in BT grains and promote grain-growth, while the smaller-ions stay dominantly in the shell and boundary regions and form core-shell-structured fine grains. Moreover the smallest ions segregate along the triple point and the secondary phase R2Ti2O7 appears. The results show the larger-ion-doped samples exhibit single-peak ε–T, but the smaller-ion-doped samples present double-peak ε–T and improve stability of ΔC/C–T meeting X8R code.

this paper describes a new synthesis route to prepare LiFePO4 cathode material. The novel aspect of the synthesis is based on a critical step involving the addition of CuO powder to promote the dissolve of Fe powder in Phosphate acid solution. The materials were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical measurements. Results shows that the prepared LiFePO4 materials display good electrochemical performance, suggests that the synthesis route has the possibility of an easy scale-up to an industrial process.