The studies of ice accretion on superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) in recent years were reviewed in this paper. The conclusion is that the detailed surface structure is very important in deciding whether SHS are really icephobic and judgment by contact angle alone is not sufficient. The ice-repellent properties of some SHS can deteriorate after icing/deicing cycles. The anti-icing efficiency of SHS can significantly lower in a humid atmosphere because water vapour condenses in the interspace between surface protrudes. Thus designing SHS with strong microstructure, or on which condensed water droplets could spontaneously move away, or simply depositing smooth coat with low ice adhesion strength, may be realistic and reliable selects in preparing anti-icing surfaces with long durability.

The distribution of second phase particles with carbide as main particles in conventional grain–oriented electrical steels during cold deformation processes was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, while the areal density of particles of different sizes were statistically determinedThe results show that cold deformation lead in the crushing and dissolving of carbide particles. The dissolution of carbides particles is a spontaneous process when the size of particles are too small. The increase of small size carbide particles and dissolving during cold rolling process is helpful for secondary recrystallization and the forming of sharp Goss texture, it can also accelerate decarburizing procedure after first–time cold roll and advance the development of producing grain–oriented electrical steels with low temperature hot rolling method.

SnO2 and Au modified SnO2 nanoparticles were prepared by one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method with HAucl4 and SnCl2(acac)2. The morphology, composition and structure of the samples were analyzed by TEM, EDS, XRD and XPS, and the gas sensing performance of the two materials for ethanol was tested. The results show that the morphology of both samples is nanoparticle, and the average diameter is about 9–12 nm. The crystal structure of SnO2 is rutile type, and Au is face centered cubic structure. In the sample of Au/SnO2, the mass ratio of Au and SnO2 is 2.6%, and Au element exists with a mixture of Au0 and Au3+ valence states. Comparing with pure SnO2 nanoparticles, Au modifing can significantly improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the gas sensors on the response to ethanol.

Poly (styrenesuflonic) acid (PSSA) and poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite membranes have been prepared by free radical polymerization. By reading the relationship of the reaction–time and the characteristics of microstructural, electrochemistry and physical properties of PVDF/PSSA Composite Membranes by SEM, EDX, EIS and TG, it is found that both the water content of PVDF/PSSA membrane and proton conductivity did increase if the hot–pressing time was extended. When the hot–pressing reactive time approached the optimum values at 8 hour, the water content reached 4.4% at the room temperature, the proton conductivity reached the maximum (0.375 S/cm) and the resisting strength reached to 32.1 MPa, which shows that the conductivity of the SIPN composite membrane can be improved clearly while holding the better mechanical and thermo property by free radical polymerization.

The microstructure and creep property of a directionally solidified nickel base superalloy with different Ti/Al ratio was observed and the as-cast and heat treated microstructure was analyzed by OM and SEM. Partition ratio of alloy element in γ and γ' phase was measured by TEM equipped with EDS. The influences of Ti/Al ratio on the microstructure and the creep property were investigated. The results show that the amount of eutectics in the as-cast samples increased obviously and η phase formed around the eutectic with the increasing of Ti/Al ratio; meantime, the incipient melting temperature decreased and the size of γ' phase in the heated samples increased and the morphology turned irregular. No obvious effect of Ti/Al ratio was found on the creep properties of the present experiment alloy.

Ti-supported PbO2 electrode doped with rare earth Er was prepared by electrodeposition method. The phase composition and microstructure of PbO2 electrodes were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD. At the same time, EIS, VA, FP analysis and phenol degradation experiments were applied to characterize the electrodes’ electrochemical properties. Results show that the Er–PbO2 coating is mainly composed of β–PbO2; Er can decrease the particle size and increase its surface area; the fluorescent intensity of Er–PbO2 electrode is 2.3 times higher than that of PbO2 electrode. Comparing with the undoped PbO2 electrode, the Er-PbO2 electrode presents a relatively lower electrochemistry response resistance as well as a higher oxygen evolution reaction potential. Phenol degradation experiments show that Er-PbO2 electrode can enhance the electrocatalytic activity and 91.8% of phenol can be removed at 2 h.

The chemistry system with graphite felt electrode and a single electrolyte, lead(II) in methanesulfonic acid was described in this paper. The effects of treatment methods on kinetics and cyclic voltammetry behavior of PbO2/Pb(II) couple were investigated. The results show that the equilibrium electrode potential PbO2/Pb(II) couple is 1.25 V and the PbO2/Pb(II) couple on graphite felt electrode has a good kinetics behavior. The cyclic voltammetry behavior of PbO2/Pb(II) couple on graphite felt electrode was investigated, and the oxidization and reduction peak potentials are 1.54V and 1.238V, respectively. The graphite felt treated with methanesulfonic acid, heat and both showed good electrocatalytic activity for PbO2/Pb(II) couple, and the treatment method with methanesulfonic acid is best.

Ni–Cr nanocomposite coatings were prepared by D. C. and pulsed D.C. electroplating technique, respectively, and the contents of Cr in the nanocomposite film was investigated. The results show that the codeposition of Cr nanoparticles in the nanocomposite coating by D.C. electroplating firstly increased with the Cr concentration in electrolyte bath, but the contents of Cr in the film prepared by pulsed D.C. electroplating are higher than those of the D.C. electroplating for the same concentration Cr in the electrolyte bath. The parabolic rate constant for the pulse nanocomposite coating is 2.85 times that of D.C. electroplating films after oxidation at 900   for 24 h, and the corrosion resistance of the pulse nanocomposite coatings is better than that of the D.C. electrodeposited films in Cl ion solution and acid solution. Meanwhile, the microhardness of the pulse nanomcoposite coatings is 2 times that of the D.C. electroplated films. The pulse electrodeposition can reduce the concentration distinction polarization on the surface of the pulse nanocomposite coatings, controll the shut off time, and increase the possibility
of nuclei formation, so the amounts of grain nuclei increase and the perfect nanocomposite coatings with finer grains and more compact structure can be obtained.

The behavior and mechanism of C and Y2O3 in the TIG welding process were mainly analyzed in this paper. In order to get compound and particles, with the ODS alloy MG956 in-situ alloying welded and C, Y2O3 and other alloy powder was filled in the weld. YAlO3, TiC, SiO2 and other particles whose size in 50-100 nanometer and 0.1-1 micrometer were generated and uniformly distributed in the weld. That filling C and Y2O3 in the welding process can refine the grains size and also improve the hardness and tensile strength of the weld-joints.

The poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/graphene oxide sheets (GO) nanofilms with GO well dispersion were prepared by a solution mixing method. The mechanical and thermal properties of these films were investigated. The results show that the Young’s modulus and the tensile strength of PVC are obviously improved and the high strain at break of PVC is maintained by adding small amount of GO. The tensile strength of PVC has 63% enhancement and the Young’s modulus has 20% enhancement when adding 0.12wt% GO, and the tensile strength increase 125% and the Young’s modulus increase 126% for PVC with 0.6wt% GO. Furthermore, the start decomposition temperature, the maximal decomposition temperature and the char amount of PVC increase in the presence of GO. The higher strength and modulus of GO sheet layer, homodisperse of GO in the PVC matrix, stronger interaction between GO and PVC, layer structure of GO and PVC, result in increase of mechanical propertyies.

The roasting clinker was successfully obtained by low temperature roasting employing low grade zinc ore as row material and ammonium sulfate as reaction medium. The influence of baking temperature in Zn extraction rate was investigated. The results show that the Zn extraction rate reaches to the maximum of 91.8% at 450℃ . The reaction was not sufficient at low temperature, in the contrary, the reaction rate decreased due to the decomposition and volatilization of H2SO4. The ZnSO4 solution was prepared through digestion and filtration processes, and then the pure ZnSO4 solution was gained through purification. The basic zinc carbonate precursor was prepared using homogeneous precipitation employing the ZnSO4 solution as raw materials and the ammonium carbamate as precipitant, and the ultrafine ZnO powder was obtained by calcining the ZnO precursor. XRD, SEM and chemical components analysis were adopted to characterize the as-prepared precursor and the ZnO powder. The results show that the precursor was obtained since the OH− and HCO−3 hydrolyzed from ammonia carbamate reacted with Zn2+ in solution, which was calcinated to prepare the ZnO powder through the dehydration and decomposition. The precursor is basic zinc carbonate of Zn4(CO3)(OH)6·H2O with adhesive spheric particles, and the ZnO powder is of hexagonal wurtzite structure with uniform spheric size and good dispersity.

Al2O3/organosilicone/SiO2 hybrid coatings were prepared with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), methyl triethoxysilane (MTES), diphenyl dimethoxy silane (DDS) and aluminum tri-sec-butoxide (ASB) as raw material, the properties were measured, and the influence of the MTES content on the properties was investigated. The results show that the hardness and impact strength of the hybrid coatings increased followed by decreasing with the increasing MTES contents, however, the coating exhibited good flexibility and adhesion; and the hybrid coatings have the optimal heat resistance and corrosion-resistance performances when the molar ration of ASB:TEOS:MTES:DDS was set as 1:3:9:1.

Oxidized cellulose acetate with a free carboxylic acid group content of 0.93mmol/g on C–6 position of the glucose and a total degree of substitution (DS) 2.72, was prepared by oxidizing the dissolving wood pulp with TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO2 and then reacted with a mixture of acetic acid and acetic anhydride with sulfuric acid as catalyst. The structure of the product was characterized with Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, X–ray diffraction analysis, proton and carbon–13 nuclear magnetic resonance. The thermal properties were tested by thermo–gravimetry analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show the product has a good substitution uniformity with C–2, C–3 and C–6 position’s acetyl DS of 0.93, 0.98 and 0.81 respectively. The product can dissolve in dimethylsulfoxide, and has good thermoplastic with a melting point of 257 degree celsius. The acetyl access improves thermoplastic of the product.

The well–dispersive single–phase YAG:Ce3+ phosphors with average particle size of 2μm were synthesized by microwave homogeneous precipitation and spray-drying method, combining with fluxassisted calcination. The effect of combined actions on calcination conditions and morphology, dispersity and luminescence performance of YAG:Ce3+ particles was investigated. The results show that spherical-like YAG precursor can be obtained by a combination of microwave homogeneous precipitation and spray-drying methods, and the formation temperature of pure phase of YAG lowered to 1150^oC with NaF as a flux. The crystallization and emission intensity are obviously improved with increasing contents of NaF flux, and blue-shift in the PL spectrum was found. The maximum emission intensity was obtained after 6wt% NaF was added, and H3BO3–NaF flux can lead to a better luminescence property of YAG:Ce3+ compared to that by NaF flux.

The effective electromagnetic parameters physical model of composites with ellipsoidal particles was established and prediction formulas of composites’ shielding properties were derived based on variational principle and electromagnetic wave transmission theory. The shielding effectiveness and reflectivity of composites under different filling conditions were calculated and the influence laws of fillings’ microstructure characters (concentration, shape, size and distribution mode) to shielding properties of composites were investigated. The shielding effectiveness and reflectivity of composites improve with the increase of concentration and aspect ratio of fillers, the needle and flaked fillers are better than spherical fillers and the directional distribution is better than random distribution, the reflectivity of composites in certain concentration and size of fillers exists peak value. The shielding composites with spherical carbonyl iron and nickel-plated short carbon fibers were prepared and the results of the numerical calculation of shielding effectiveness are in good agreement with the experiment data, the validity of proposed scheme was verified.

The compressive fatigue experiment of 2D–C/C composites was made under the stress level of 1000 N, 2000 N and 3000 N, cycling times of 104, 105 and 3×105, the thermal conductivity behavior is tested before and after the fatigue loading, and the effects of compressive fatigue loading conditions on the thermal conductivity behavior of the composites were investigated. The results show that compressive fatigue loading does not change the law about the thermal diffusivity coefficient and specific heat capacity improve with the increasing temperature. However, after the compressive fatigue loading, the thermal conductivity coefficient, thermal diffusivity coefficient of the samples reduce with the increasing of the stress level and cycling times, while the specific heat capacity change little. The decline of the thermal conductivity is related to the fatigue damages generated and accumulated during the compressive fatigue loading after analysis.

A porous molecular imprinted latex membrane (MILM) with L-Tryptophan as template molecule, adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) as cross-linker and glucose as porogen was prepared at ambient temperature from polyacrylate core-shell emulsion incorporated with diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) and acrylic acid (AA). The strength of interaction of functional monomers with L-Tryptophan was compared. The effects of functional monomers on the separation properties of MILM were investigated. The results show that the MILM with developed void structures can be obtained by the method proposed in this paper. The strength of interaction between the three functional monomers and L-Tryptophan is in the following order: L-Trp/ADH>L-Trp/DAAM>L-Trp/AA. ADH, AA and DAAM have considerable influence on crosslinking degree and consequently the permeation properties of MILM. Compared with non-imprinted membrane, the acquired MILM exhibits selective recognition behavior towards template with separation factor reaching over 2.0.

The modified Mg–Al hydrotalcite was prepared by using (NH4)2SO4 and characterized by XRD, FT–IR, SEM and EDS. The aqueous solubility and modified mechanism of Mg–Al hydrotalcite have been investigated. The results show that the solubility of Mg–Al hydrotalcite can be divided mainly into three dissolution behaviors: no solubility, partical and complete solubility. The modification of Mg–Al hydrotalcite is the partical dissolution process. In the corrosion of the Mg–Al hydrotalcite, Mg ions were dissoved from the brucite–like sheets and led Al ions into the reaction solution. Aquated ions Al(OH)3−6 in the solution aggregated to form Keggin structure Al13 cluster. The Al13 cluster was adsorbed rapidly on the surface of the sheets, and then formed amorphous Al(OH)3 which prevented the further solution of Mg ions from the sheet. The absorption performation on Pb2+ was improved, and Pb2+ removal rate of the modified products is raised by 18.3%. The improved adsoption property is mainly due to the increase of specific surface erea, chemical bonding and electrostatic adsorption ability.

The effects of microstructure, precipitate and grain size on strength and toughness of X100 hot rolled strips steel were investigated by means of optical  icroscope, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) in this article. The results show that average effective grain size of X100 pipeline steel with reasonable composition design reaches to 2.38 μm after selected thermo-mechanical control process  (TMCP), and  there are a great quantity of dislocations and substructures in grains. Microstructure of X100 strips mainly consists of granular bainite, lath bainite with plenty of fine M/A islands dispersing in the matrix or on grain boundaries. Fine precipitation particles can pin dislocation effectively, tensile strength of tested steel are higher than 970 MPa, yield strength are higher than 800 MPa, Charpy impact energy (higher than −40^oC) are higher than 250 J, and ductile brittle transition temperature is between −40^oC   and −60^oC .