The chitosan (CS) rods were reinforced by thermal cross-linking method through microwave irradiation. The results show that the rotary viscosity of CS solution was increased due to thermal cross-linking reaction, but much more irradiation time would decrease its solution viscosity because of thermal decomposition. Crystallinity of CS was reduced due to the formation of network structure. Bending strength and bending modulus of microwave irradiated CS rods maximized at 182.8 MPa and 5.6 GPa, increased by 97.8% and 36.6% respectively, compared with untreated CS rods. The improvement of mechanical properties can be
attributed to the formation of network structure.

Porous Ni3Al alloys were fabricated by cold pressing and pressureless sintering of Ni/Al elemental powder mixtures. The swelling behavior, pore structure parameters and microstructure of porous Ni3Al during synthesis procedure have been systematically investigated. The results show that swelling effect take place after sintering. The maximum pore size and open porosity increase with increasing of temperature, but when temperature exceeds 750^oC  the swelling begins to suppress and the maximum pore size begins to decrease. The prime reason of the pore formation can be attributed to the Kirkendall effect in the process of reactive synthesis. The corrosion potential of porous Ni3Al in KOH solution is more positive than the other two porous compacts , and its weight is stable.

A two–phase mathematical model for the solidification process of monotectic alloys through the miscibility gap was established. The effect of magnetic field on the microstructural evolutions of an Al–10%Bi hypermonotectic alloy was investigated, and the effect of temperature, velocity and second phase volume fraction distribution on the macrosegregation were analyzed. The results showed that the centrosymmetric distribution of temperature field in the magnetic field was more advantageous to the uniform distribution of second phase droplets. Because partial gravity force and Marangoni force were counteracted by the Lorentz force, the velocity field changed from the outward circumfluence to the moving downward slope form in the magnetic field, and the velocity reduced obviously, thus the gravity
segregation caused by strong convection was suppressed. Second phase volume fraction reduced in the specimen bottom in the magnetic field, and the macrosegregation was improved.

A pseudo-alloy coating PS45/CuAl8 was prepared on Q235 steel by activated combustion high-velocity electirc arc spraying(HVAA). The cycle oxidation experiments at 600^oC and 800^oC in air for these coatings were accomplished, the microstructure, crystal structure and oxidation resistance properties were haracterized and analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy spectrometer (EDS) and the cycle oxidation behaviors were investigated. The results show that the pseudo-alloy coatings PS45/CuAl8 compose of Al2O3, Cr2 O3, α–Cu and γ–Ni solid solution, and possess dense and typical lamellar structure which were homogeneous. After high temperature oxidation, the coating was covered by dense, continuous and complete oxide films of Cr2O3, Al2O3 and Ni(Cr,Al)2O4, which can avoid spalling of Al2O3 film and reduce the oxidation rate of the composite coating, play an important role for protecting the substrate.

An acid soluble chitosan immobilized cyclodextrin (CDS) was synthesized by grafting p–toluenesulfonyl–β–cyclodextrin onto chitosan, then formed gel with alginate sodium (ALg–CDS). The structure of ALg–CDS was characterized by FTIR, UV, TG–DTA, XRD and SEM, and using ketoprofen as a modal drug, the release behavior from ALg–CDS and ALg–CS in simulated intestinal fluid and simulated gastric fluid had been investigated. The results show that the swelling ratio of ALg–CDS in simulated intestinal fluid was higher than that in simulated gastric fluid. ALg–CDS (4.19 mg/mg) has better drug–loading capacity than that of ALg–CS (3.76 mg/mg), and represented more stable release of the entrapped ketoprofen in simulated intestinal fluid because of cyclodextrin, the adsorption data was in line with the Lagergren second–order kinetics.

Octodecahedral and dodecahedral magnetite (Fe3O4) particles were prepared by reducing hematite (α–Fe2O3) polyhedra in 5% H2+95% N2 atmosphere. The samples were characterized by X–ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the existence of fluorinion adsorption layer on the surface of particles may be primary reason for holding the polyhedral morphology. Magnetic analysis shows that the obtained Fe3O4 polyhedral particles possess higher coercivity than the Fe3O4 particles reported by others, mainly due to the adsorbed fluorinion and the morphology and structure of polyhedral particles.

Nanocrystalline diamond film doped with N was prepared on Si substrate by microwave lasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) technology using Ar, CH4, CO2 as actiong gas source and he methanol saturated solution of melamine as doping source. The as-grown film was characterized with FM microscopy and Raman spectrum, the phase composition of diamond film was characterized by its ypical Raman spectrum form. Hall effect measurement was used to reveal its conductive feature. The esults show that the thin film has average crytalline grains nearly 20nm and fine surface roughness about 935nm, the nitrogen doped nanocrystalline diamond film is highly conductive n-type semiconductor with letric conductivity to 0.76×102Ω−1cm−1 and carrier concentration to 2.18×1019/cm3.

A submicrometer grain 45C steel was fabricated by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) by C way at 500^oC and was characterized by optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) technique. The microstructural development and grain refinement of ferrite was investigated. The results show that, at the first pass of ECAP, the original coarse ferrite grains were broke up into the parallel shear bands of elongated dislocation cells and even subgrains with submicrometer size along the shear direction, resulting from bigger shear deformation. Further pressings results in a slight decrease in the size of elongated dislocation cells and subgrains. With ECAP passes increasing, equiaxed ultrafined ferrite grains with high-angle boundaries were achieved by grains sliding and rotation.

The microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of a V-microalloyed TRIP steel after hot rolling under laboratory conditions were investigated. The results show that multiphase microstructure with ferrite, granular bainite and retained austenite can be obtained if the finishing temperature is nearby Ae3. EBSD analyses show that 75% or more ferrite grain size is in the range of 1–6 μm; most of the misorientation angles between grains were in the range of 29^?–60^?. When finishing rolling temperature was 830℃ and final cooling temperature was 650℃, the steel have excellent mechanical properties, the tensile strength arrives at 1015MPa, the elongation rate is 19.5% and strain-hardening exponent is 0.24.

Hydrophobically–modified polyester (MPET) was synthesized by employing poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as the major components of molecular chain and hydroxy–fluorosilicone polymer (FGX) as the third monomer, was characterized by 1H–NMR and ESCA, and the influence of dissolution–precipitation factors on the surface morphology, hydrophobicity and tensile strength were investigated. It was found that the likeness of the surface particles and the hydrophobicity of the samples were connected with the dissolving time. The high–hydrophobic polyester prepared by dissolution–precipitation method has the similar micro– and nanostructured surface to loft surface.

The erosion corrosion behaviors of 65Mn and 316L were investigated systematically by mass loss test method. The results show that the erosion corrosion rates of 65Mn and 316L in single liquid phase and liquid/solid two–phase flow increase with increase of media’s temperature and decrease of theoretic velocity of flow under the condition of same flow distance. Their mass loss rates caused by synergistic effect between erosion and corrosion in 20% H2SO4 and 20% H2SO4 + 20 g/L sand  (50℃, 1.88 m/s) were respectively 80.35 and 127.21 g·m−2·h−1 for 65Mn and 5.25 and 17.22 g·m−2·h−1 for 316L. The mechanism of the erosion corrosion in two–phase flow were respectively even corrosion + slightly plough–cutting for 65Mn and slightly select corrosion + slightly plastic deformation for 316L. The erosion corrosion resistances of 65Mn and 316L were improved significantly by electroless plating Ni–P. The higher the media’s temperature and velocity of flow, the more significant the effect.

The film of Co/Ni molar ratio of 0.16:1 was electrode posited on FTO glass by potentiostatic technique. XRD, SEM and EDS were employed to analyze the morphology composition, structure of the film; Uhraviolet-visible transmission spectroscopy was applied to measure transmittance of the films. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the electrochemical stability and reversibility of the film. And switch response time was measured by double potential step technique. The Effect of Co on the electrochromic properties of NiO film was investigated. The results show that Co can make the particles of NiO film tiny and even, raise visible light transmittance difference between bleached and colored states, lower the working voltage of eleetroehromic reaction, improve eleetroehromic reversibility and shorten the time of colored processes.

A novel micro–structure which consists of highly aligned and closely packed silica nanowires has been synthesized by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The tin droplets were supplied by carbothermal reduction of SnO2 powders as catalyst, and the source and substrate of the growth of silica nanowires was silicon wafers. This novel micro–structure was investigated by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy–dispersive X–ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses. It was found that the diameters of the novel micro–structures and the amorphous silica nanowires are 5–15 μm and 100–200 nm with the same length of 50–100 μm, respectively. Finally, it is of interest to note that, each tin droplet can simultaneously catalyze the growth of several silica nanowires, which is quite different from the conventional vapor–liquid–solid process, and the silica nanowires tend to grow batch by batch. The PL spectra of the SiO2 nanowires showe a strong light at 395nm (3.14 eV) under excitation at 260 nm (4.77 eV).

A simple two-band model of π-electron (STB) was used to analyze electrical conductance characteristics of carbon microcoil (CMC) in this paper. The research results showed that the as-grown CMC had a p-Type STB model with the Fermi-level depression and the graphitizated CMC had an n-Type STB model for high ordered degree structure. After graphitization, the crystal lattice tended to becoming perfect, and the electrical conductivity of CMC was evidently enhanced as a result of the increasing carrier concentration and carrier mobility.

A fluoride coating was prepared on AZ31B magnesium alloy by chemical conversion treatment in order to control the biodegradation rate and further increase the biocompatibility of AZ31B alloy. The surface morphology, in vitro biocompatibility and antibacterial property of the coated alloy were investigated in the study. The result showed that the fluoride coating was compact and presented obvious decrease of the hemolytic rate and non- cytotoxicity, meeting the requirement on biomaterials. The result also showed a better behavior against blood coagulation of the coated AZ31B alloy than that of 316L stainless steel, as well as an  excellent antibacterial ability.

PbO2electrodes modified with different concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared using electrodeposition method. The microstructure and electrochemical properties of the modified electrode were investigated using SEM, XRD, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and liner sweep voltammetry (VA) techniques. Results show that PVP molecules can be coated around PbO2 particles and can restrict their further growth and polymerization, which lead to a uniform and fine crystalline grains. The modified electrode presents a relatively lower charge transfer resistance as well as a higher oxygen evolution potential. Appropriate amount of PVP can enhance the electrocatalytic activity of electrode and the optimum doped concentration is 0.4 g·L−1. The modified electrode also exhibit excellent corrosion resistance and electrocatalytic stability. After having been used for 90 h, the degradation ratio of phenol can still reach 81.5%.

According to the stoichiometric ratio of xLiV3O8·yLiMn2O4 (x:y=1:0, 4:1, 8:1, 12:1, 16:1), lithium vanadium oxide Mn4+–LiV3O8 was synthesized by a sol–gel method with LiOH·H2O, NH4VO3, Mn(CH3 COO)2·4H2O and C6 H8O7·H2O as starting materials, and its electrochemical characterization and structure has been investigated. The results show that the Mn4+–LiV3O8 made by sol–gel method has well–developed crystal structure of layered LiV3O8 and a good charge–discharge characterization. The initial discharge specific capacity with Mn4+ doping at x:y=12:1 reaches 387.9 mAh/g, which is 29.3% larger than that of pure material (299.9 mAh/g), and keeps 376.4 mAh/g after 30 cycles when cycles at 0.1C rate over the voltage range of 1.8–3.8 V. Further-more, the material preserves a high charge-discharge efficiency above 97%.

The NTC thermoceramics of SmxNiCo0.2Mn1.8O4(0≤ x ≤0.05)were prepared by the solid reaction technique and characterized by XRD and XPS. The influence of Sm3+ doping on the electrical properties of SmxNiCo0.2Mn1.8O4 spinel phases was investigated. The results show that when Sm3+ doped content was low(x ≤0.02), Sm3+ ions partially substituted Mn3+ions in the octahedral sites of the SmxNiCo0.2Mn1.8O4 spinel phases. It is beneficial to obtain high thermal stability of the spinel phases. While Sm3+ doped content was higher than 0.03, SmMnO3 and SmMn2O5 two impurity phases precipitated one after one and the thermal stability of thermoceramics decreased significantly.

The microstructure and corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloys with Nd addition were characterized by optical microscopy , scanning electronic microscopy , and the static mass loss method, the effect of Nd addition on microstructure and corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy was investigated. The results show that the trace addition of Nd refines the microstructure of AZ91. The semi-continuous reticular β(Mg17Al12) is gradually becoming the thin strip, and the distribution is more uniform. There are granular Al3Nd phase formed. And rare earth Nd significantly impwroved the resistance corrosion of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The alloy with 1.4% Nd has the best corrosion resistance, and the corrosion rate is 0.1708 mg·cm⁻²·d⁻¹, only 20% of that of common AZ91 alloy.

Nanorod–CeO2 photocatalyst was synthesized by the microwave homogeneous precipitation method and was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, BET–BJH, and UV–vis spectrum. The effects of urea concentration on the grain size, morphology and Photocatalytic property were investigated. The results show that when the CO(NH2)2concentration is 6.0 mol/L, the obvious club–shaped structure consisted of chains which are formed by grains whose size is 20–40 nm. The photocatalytic activity of CeO2 nanorods was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange. The degradation rate of methyl orange reaches 95.4% under the reaction conditions of the catalyst amount of 2.0 g/L, the sunshine, and the reaction time of 1 h.