Synthesis and Photocatalytic Performance of Bi/Bi2O2CO3

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.380

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (5): 343-351 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.380

Special Section on Photocatalysis

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Synthesis and Photocatalytic Performance of Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃

QU Mengyuan, YOU Kangwei, XIE Liyan(

), WANG Yaxin, LUO Zhishan, HUANG Jianhui

College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts and Treatment Technologies for Emerging Contaminants, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University, Putian University, Putian 351100, China

Cite this article:

QU Mengyuan, YOU Kangwei, XIE Liyan, WANG Yaxin, LUO Zhishan, HUANG Jianhui. Synthesis and Photocatalytic Performance of Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(5): 343-351.

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Abstract

Bismuth nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized in-situ on Bi₂O₂CO₃ nanosh-eets through a one-pot hydrothermal method employing paraformaldehyde as a dual carbon source and reducing agent. The Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃hybrids were comprehensively analyzed using XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS, with their optical characteristics investigated via UV-Vis DRS. Their photocatalytic efficacy was assessed by decomposing malachite green (MG) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) as target contaminants. The results indicate uniform dispersion of Bi NPs on Bi₂O₂CO₃, with adjustable loading content by modulating the ratio of Bi precursor to paraformaldehyde. The most effective composite Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃ with mass ratio of 1:10 displayed significantly improved photocatalytic performance, exhibiting reaction rates 3.5 and 19.7 times higher than pure Bi₂O₂CO₃ and pristine Bi powder, respectively. This enhancement is ascribed to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metallic Bi and the developed Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃ heterojunction, which collectively enhance visible-light absorption, facilitate the charge separation and transfer, and inhibit the electron-hole recombination. Additionally, ESR and trapping experiments confirmed that the increased generation of $⋅$ O $2 -$ radicals and $⋅$ OH radicals play a pivotal role in the degradation mechanism.

Key words: composite photocatalytic performance hydrothermal method Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃

Received: 23 December 2025

ZTFLH:

O643.36

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472080);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22102030);Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J011003);Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J05196);Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2024J01881);Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment(SKLPEE-KF202315);Startup Fund for Advanced Talents of Putian University(2022052);Putian University Graduate Research Innovation Project(YJS2024022);Science and Technology Plan Project of Putian(2023GJGZ001)

Corresponding Authors: XIE Liyan, Tel: (0594)2696445, E-mail: 103382949@qq.com

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	QU Mengyuan
	YOU Kangwei
	XIE Liyan
	WANG Yaxin
	LUO Zhishan
	HUANG Jianhui

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2025.380 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2026/V40/I5/343

Fig.1 XRD patterns of BOC and Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃ composites

Fig.2 SEM images of BOC (a, b) and Bi/BOC-1 (c, d)

Fig.3 TEM images (a, b), HRTEM image (c), and SAED pattern (d) of Bi/BOC-1

Fig.4 UV-Vis diffuse-reflectance spectra of the as-synthesized samples

Fig. 5 XPS survey spectrum of Bi/BOC-1 (a), and high-resolution spectra of Bi 4f (b), O 1s (c), and C 1s (d)

Fig.6 Activities of as-prepared samples for the degradation of MG (a) and CIP (c), and plots of -ln(C/C₀) vs. time (b, d)

Fig.7 Cycling runs of photocatalytic degradation of CIP over Bi/BOC-1

Table 1 Comparison of photocatalytic performance of Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃-based materials prepared via different synthesis strategies

Fig.8 Transient photocurrent response (a) and Nyquist plots (b) of the as-prepared samples

Fig.9 Solid-state photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the as-synthesized samples

Fig.10 Degradation of MG by Bi/BOC-1 sample under different capturing agent conditions

Fig.11 Electron spin trapping resonance spectra of DMPO- $⋅$ O $2 -$ (a) and DMPO-·OH (b) in the sample

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of separation of electron-hole pairs over Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃ composites under visible light

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