Structure Control and Characterization of 3D Porous Scaffold Based on Cellulose-nanofibers for Tissue Engineering

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2014.272

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2014, Vol. 28

Issue (10): 721-729 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2014.272

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Structure Control and Characterization of 3D Porous Scaffold Based on Cellulose-nanofibers for Tissue Engineering

Aimin TANG(

),Shan ZHAO,Jiankang SONG

State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640

Cite this article:

Aimin TANG,Shan ZHAO,Jiankang SONG. Structure Control and Characterization of 3D Porous Scaffold Based on Cellulose-nanofibers for Tissue Engineering. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2014, 28(10): 721-729.

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Abstract

Three dimensional porous scaffolds for tissue engineering were fabricated by freeze drying a blend suspension of cellulose-nanofibers (CNFs) with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), while the Influences of the concentration of CNFs suspension, the mass ratio of CNFs to PVA, the relative molecular mass (mass average) of PVA and the frozen temperature on the morphology and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were investigated. The results showed that: the scaffolds made of CNFs with high molecular mass (mass average) PVA displayed morphology of interconnected pores with irregular open pore geometry; PVA formed the wall of the big pores and which were bridged each other by CNFs bundles of 100-200 nm in diameter to form nest-like structure on the surface of the PVA wall throughout the scaffold, which was similar to collagen skeleton in extra cellular matrix (ECM); the optimal parameters for the fabrication of scaffolds with outstanding nest structure and abundant microfilaments are: mass fraction of CNFs to PVA was 1: 2 and the freezing temperature was -80℃. PVA played a key role in providing the mechanical strength of the scaffolds. The compressive modulus of the supports increased with the increasing amount of PVA, and it was equivalent to that of cartilage tissue, a magnitude of kilopascal, and besides, the mechanical properties of the scaffolds can be adjusted by changing the amount of PVA.

Key words: composites cellulose-nanofibers (CNFs) polyvinyl alcohol three-dimensional porous tissue engineering scaffolds

Received: 04 June 2014

Fund: * Supported by National Basic Research Program of China No.2010CB7322

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	Aimin TANG
	Shan ZHAO
	Jiankang SONG

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2014.272 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2014/V28/I10/721

Table1 Processing conditions and numbers of 3D porous tissue engineering scaffolds

Fig.1 Digital photos of CNFs/PVA scaffolds with different mass ratio. Figs.a, c and e represent 01580H, 51180H and 51380H respectively, while Figs.b, d and f stand for hydrogel of 01580H, 51180H and 51380H respectively; 01580H, 51108H and 51280H means scaffolds with mass ratios of 0∶1.5, 0.5∶0.5 and 0.5∶1.5 between CNFs and PVA, respectively

Fig.2 SEM images of scaffolds prepared from 100g CNFs suspension in mass percentage of 0% (a, d, g, j), 0.3% (b, e, h, k) and 0.5% (c, f, i, l), respectively, with addition of 1.5 g PVA of high relative molecular mass (mass average) freezing at -80℃

Fig.3 SEM images of scaffolds prepared from 100 g CNFs suspension in mass percentage of 0% (a, d, g), 0.3% (b, e, h) and 0.5% (c, f, i), respectively, with addition of 1.5 g PVA of low molecular mass (mass average) freezing at -80℃

Fig.4 SEM images of scaffolds prepared from 100 g 0.5% CNFs suspension with addition of 0.5 g (a, d, g, j), 1.0 g (b, e, h, k) and 1.5 g (c, f, i, l) PVA of high relative molecular mass (mass average), respectively, at -80℃ for freezing

Fig.5 SEM images of scaffolds prepared from 100 g 0.5% CNFs suspension with addition of 1.0 g PVA of high relative molecular mass (mass average) at -20℃ (a, d, g, j), -80℃ (b, e, h, k) and liquid nitrogen (c, f, i, l), respectively, for freezing

Fig.6 Variation of compressive modulus for high molecular PVA/CNFs scaffolds as a function of the addition of PVA, the scaffolds were prepared from 100 g CNFs suspension (0.5 %) with addition of 0.5 g, 1.0 g and 1.5 g PVA of high relative molecular mass (mass average), respectively, freezing at -80℃

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