差速挤压<strong>Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Mn</strong>合金板材的力学性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.499

材料研究学报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (2): 81-91 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.499

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

差速挤压Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Mn合金板材的力学性能

吕奕澎¹^,², 黄秋燕²(

), 李应举², 郑黎¹, 罗天骄², 冯小辉², 杨院生²

^1.沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110870
^2.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Mn Alloy Sheet Prepared by Differential Speed Extrusion

LV Yipeng¹^,², HUANG Qiuyan²(

), LI Yingju², ZHENG Li¹, LUO Tianjiao², FENG Xiaohui², YANG Yuansheng²

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
^2.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

吕奕澎, 黄秋燕, 李应举, 郑黎, 罗天骄, 冯小辉, 杨院生. 差速挤压Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Mn合金板材的力学性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(2): 81-91.
Yipeng LV, Qiuyan HUANG, Yingju LI, Li ZHENG, Tianjiao LUO, Xiaohui FENG, Yuansheng YANG. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Mn Alloy Sheet Prepared by Differential Speed Extrusion[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(2): 81-91.

全文: PDF(29121 KB) HTML

摘要:

采用重力铸造制备Mg-6Al-3Ca-1Zn-0.3Mn合金(质量分数，%)并对其均匀化处理和差速挤压，使用EBSD和TEM等手段表征其不同部位的组织并使用Deform-3D对差速挤压进行了有限元模拟，研究了差速挤压对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明：差速挤压中的温度场和应力场是影响板材微观组织和性能的关键因素。在差速挤压初期板材前端的温度迅速降低，与模具内部的温度差使再结晶不彻底而留下了大量未再结晶的晶粒。在差速挤压后期板材各部分的温度一致且较高，型腔内部坯料受到的应力增大而生成部分孪晶促进了动态再结晶。板材的前端由粗大的未再结晶晶粒和细小的动态再结晶晶粒组成，在未再结晶内部发生了颜色梯度变化，在未再结晶晶粒中有大量的小角晶界，其再结晶机制是连续动态再结晶。板材的尾部由等轴晶粒组成，晶界局部突出，原始晶界呈现锯齿状，再结晶机制是不连续动态再结晶。差速挤压板材头部的抗拉强度最高(328 MPa)，其原因是再结晶的细晶强化和未再结晶晶粒的位错强化。板材尾部的延伸率最高(约为16.6%)，是晶粒细化和织构弱化所致。

关键词 ：金属材料, 镁合金, 差速挤压, 非均质性组织

Abstract：

Mg-6Al-3Ca-1Zn-0.3Mn alloy (mass fraction, %) was prepared by gravity casting, and the alloy was homogenized and differential speed extruded. The effect of differential speed extrusion on the microstructure and properties of different portions of the plates were investigated by using EBSD and TEM, and meanwhile the differential speed extrusion process was analyzed via finite element simulation with Deform-3D. As indicated by the results, that the temperature field and stress field in the extrusion process are the key factors affecting the microstructure of the plate. The temperature at the front end of the plate drops rapidly at the early stage of extrusion, forming a temperature difference with the inside of the die, which results in incomplete recrystallization, and thereby emergence of a large number of un-recrystallized grains. In the late stage of extrusion, the plate temperature is consistent and high, and the billet inside the cavity is subjected to increased stress, which produces partial twinning and promotes dynamic recrystallization. The starting portion of the plate consists of coarse un-recrystallized grains and fine dynamically recrystallized grains, and there is a color gradient within the un-recrystallized grains, and a large number of LAGBs are distributed among the un-recrystallized grains, and the recrystallization mechanism may be continuous dynamic recrystallization. The end portion of the plate consists of equiaxed grains with locally protruding grain boundaries, and the original grain boundaries show jagged shape, and the recrystallization mechanism may be ascribed to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. Finally, the starting portion of the plate is obtained as the highest tensile strength of 328 MPa, which is due to the combined effect of fine crystal strengthening of the recrystallized grains and dislocation strengthening of the un-recrystallized grains. The end portion of the plate shows the best elongation of about 16.6%, which is mainly due to grain refinement and weakening of the weave structure.

Key words： metallic materials Mg alloy differential speed extrusion microstructural heterogeneity

收稿日期: 2024-12-16

ZTFLH:

TG146.22

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3701100);辽宁省应用基础研究计划(2023020253-JH2/1016);山西省重点研发计划(202102050201005)

通讯作者: 黄秋燕，副研究员，qyhuang16b@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为轻合金的设计与制备

Corresponding author: HUANG Qiuyan, Tel: 18512416690, E-mail: qyhuang16b@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 吕奕澎，男，2000年生，硕士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2024.499 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2026/V40/I2/81

图1 差速挤压模具[22]和挤压板材的三向示意图

图2 差速挤压板材的表面照片

图3 差速挤压板材从头至尾5部分的OM显微组织

图4 差速挤压板材从头至尾5部分的SEM显微组织

图5 差速挤压板材的EDS分析

表1 合金中第二相的EDS结果

图6 差速挤压板材的XRD谱

图7 差速挤压板材的Deform有限元模拟

图8 板材不同步数模拟的微观组织形貌

图9 差速挤压板材TD-ED方向上的头中尾部IPF和KAM图

图10 差速挤压板材TD-ED方向上的头中尾部的DRX体积分数和DRX晶粒尺寸分布

图11 差速挤压板材TD-ED方向上的头中尾部极图和反极图

图12 差速挤压板材ND-TD方向上的头中尾部IPF和KAM图

图13 差速挤压板材ND-TD方向上的头中尾部再结晶分数和晶粒尺寸

图14 差速挤压板材头中部未再结晶晶粒中的残余位错

图15 差速挤压板材中尾部再结晶晶粒中的残余位错

图16 差速挤压板材头中尾部的拉伸应力-应变曲线

表2 差速挤压板材头中尾部的力学性能

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