稀土元素<strong>Ce</strong>对<strong>T15</strong>高速钢铸态组织与力学性能的影响

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.126

材料研究学报

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (12): 932-940 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.126

研究论文

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稀土元素Ce对T15高速钢铸态组织与力学性能的影响

屠后田¹^,², 胡小强³^,⁴(

), 杨仁贤³^,⁴, 王谦¹^,², 李殿中³^,⁴

1 中国科学技术大学稀土学院赣州 341000
2 中国科学院赣江创新研究院赣州 341000
3 中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016
4 中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016

Influence of Cerium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast T15 High Speed Steel

TU Houtian¹^,², HU Xiaoqiang³^,⁴(

), YANG Renxian³^,⁴, WANG Qian¹^,², LI Dianzhong³^,⁴

1 School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Ganzhou 341000, China
2 Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
3 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
4 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

屠后田, 胡小强, 杨仁贤, 王谦, 李殿中. 稀土元素Ce对T15高速钢铸态组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2024, 38(12): 932-940.
Houtian TU, Xiaoqiang HU, Renxian YANG, Qian WANG, Dianzhong LI. Influence of Cerium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast T15 High Speed Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(12): 932-940.

全文: PDF(18944 KB) HTML

摘要:

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、纳米压痕等实验手段，表征了T15高速钢铸态组织中Ce元素的分布，研究了Ce元素对其铸态组织中一次碳化物的作用机制及其对力学性能的影响。结果表明，T15高速钢中的Ce元素主要富集在稀土夹杂物颗粒处，少量的均匀分布在一次碳化物内。添加0.021% (质量分数，下同)的Ce，尽管没有改变T15高速钢铸态组织的类型，但是显著细化了一次碳化物和改善了MC碳化物的塑韧性，从而使其力学性能大幅度提高。与不含Ce元素的T15高速钢相比，添加Ce元素的T15高速钢其铸态组织中一次碳化物的平均等效直径和最大尺寸分别由4.70 μm和120.25 μm减小到2.91 μm和105.39 μm；MC中V原子的占比降低了6.16%，形貌由粗大条棒状转变为细密颗粒状，使其塑性因子、断裂韧性提高；T15高速钢硬度、抗弯强度和抗拉强度提高了2.84 HRC、130.52 MPa和59.42 MPa。

关键词 ：金属材料, T15高速钢, 稀土元素, 一次碳化物, 铸态组织, 力学性能

Abstract：

The effect of Ce addition on the microstructure and Ce distribution characteristics of the as-cast T15 high speed steel (T15 HSS) was investigated by OM, SEM, XRD, EBSD and EPMA. The primary carbides and mechanical properties of the as-cast T15 micro-alloyed without and with Ce were also assessed comparatively by nanoindentation and tensile tests. The results show that the amount of alloyed Ce in T15 HSS enriches mainly in rare earth containing granular inclusions, but a few distributes uniformly in MC primary carbides. The addition of 0.021wt.%Ce does not change the as-cast microstructure types, but it obviously refines the primary carbides, remarkably enhances the plasticity and toughness of MC carbides, and significantly improves the mechanical properties of T15 HSS. Comparing the T15 HSS micro-alloyed with Ce to that without Ce, the average equivalent diameter and maximum size of primary carbides decreased from 4.70 μm and 120.25 μm to 2.91 μm and 105.39 μm, with decrement 38.08% and 12.35%, respectively. The amount of V in MC primary carbides decreased by 6.16 at.%, and the morphology of these carbides changed from thick branches into spots. Moreover, the plasticity factor and fracture toughness of MC primary carbides increase from 0.47 and 1.63 MPa·m^1/2 to 0.50 and 2.32 MPa·m^1/2, respectively. Thus, the hardness, bending strength and tensile strength of as-cast T15 HSS increased from 48.88 HRC, 1491.06 MPa and 1122.41 MPa to 51.72 HRC, 1621.58 MPa and 1181.83 MPa, respectively.

Key words： metallic materials T15 high speed steel rare earth element primary carbides as-cast microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2024-03-18

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:福建省科技计划STS配套项目(2023T3062);中国科学院赣江创新研究院自主部署项目(E355B0020);中国科学院青年创新促进会优秀会员项目(Y2021060);“兴辽英才计划”青年拔尖人才项目(XLYC2203158)

通讯作者: 胡小强，研究员，xqhu@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为稀土特殊钢研发与应用

Corresponding author: HU Xiaoqiang, Tel: (024)23971127, E-mail: xqhu@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 屠后田，男，1998年生，硕士生

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表1 T15高速钢的化学成分

图1 两种不同Ce含量T15高速钢的金相组织

图2 两种不同Ce含量T15高速钢的X射线衍射谱

图3 T15A中一次碳化物的EBSD相分布和EDS能谱

图4 两种不同Ce含量T15高速钢中一次碳化物的SEM-BSE形貌照片和特征元素分布

Alloy	f_C / %	f_M_C / %	f $M 2 C$ / %	d_Me / μm	d_Ma / μm	l / μm
T15A	15.50	79.82	20.18	4.70	120.20	3.65
T15Ce	13.88	72.96	27.04	2.91	105.39	2.01

表2 T15高速钢铸态组织中一次碳化物的特征参数

表3 MC一次碳化物的EDS能谱分析

图5 T15Ce高速钢中Ce元素的分布

图6 T15Ce高速钢中稀土夹杂物SEM-BSE的形貌和元素分布

图7 两种不同Ce含量T15高速钢的硬度和抗弯强度

图8 两种不同Ce含量T15高速钢的应力应变曲线

图9 两种不同Ce含量T15高速钢铸态的拉伸断口形貌

Phase	Lattice structure	Space group	Lattice parameter
M₂C	Hexagonal	P63/mmc	a = 2.955, c = 4.650
MC	Cubic	Fm $3 ¯$ m	a = 4.180
Ce₂O₂S	Hexagonal	P $3 ¯$ m1	a = 3.976, c = 6.882
Ce₂O₃	Hexagonal	P $3 ¯$ m1	a = 3.891, c = 6.059

表4 两类一次碳化物和稀土夹杂物的晶体学参数

	[uvw]_s	[uvw]_n	d_[uvw]s	d_[uvw]n	θ / (°)	δ / %
(1010)Ce₂O₃//(0110)M₂C	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	$0001$	3.891	4.650	0	7.82
	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 1$	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 2$	7.201	7.520	5.273
	$0001$	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	6.059	5.910	0
(1010)Ce₂O₂S//(0110)M₂C	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	$0001$	3.976	4.650	0	11.84
	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 1$	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 2$	7.947	7.520	8.178
	$0001$	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	6.882	5.910	0
(1010)Ce₂O₃//(110)MC	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	$010$	3.891	4.180	0	3.35
	$0001$	$110$	6.059	5.911	0
	$2 ¯ 110$	$111$	7.201	7.240	2.340
(0001)Ce₂O₂S//(110)MC	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	$010$	3.976	4.180	0	10.25
	$1 ¯ 010$	$001$	6.886	5.911	0
	$2 ¯ 110$	$012$	7.952	7.240	5.266

表5 碳化物和稀土夹杂物的最小错配度

图10 两种不同Ce含量T15高速钢中MC碳化物的纳米压痕测量结果

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