<strong>316L</strong>不锈钢表面<strong>Fe-Al</strong>渗层的制备及其机理

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2023.561

材料研究学报

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (10): 759-767 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2023.561

研究论文

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316L不锈钢表面Fe-Al渗层的制备及其机理

文锋¹, 张东勋¹(

), 王韡¹, 滕心跃², 楚鑫新¹

^1.中国科学院上海应用物理研究所上海 201800
^2.上海应用技术大学化学与环境工程学院上海 201400

Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Fe-Al Coating on 316L Stainless Steel by Pack Cementation Aluminizing

WEN Feng¹, ZHANG Dongxun¹(

), WANG Wei¹, TENG Xinyue², CHU Xinxin¹

^1.Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
^2.College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201400, China

引用本文:

文锋, 张东勋, 王韡, 滕心跃, 楚鑫新. 316L不锈钢表面Fe-Al渗层的制备及其机理[J]. 材料研究学报, 2024, 38(10): 759-767.
Feng WEN, Dongxun ZHANG, Wei WANG, Xinyue TENG, Xinxin CHU. Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Fe-Al Coating on 316L Stainless Steel by Pack Cementation Aluminizing[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(10): 759-767.

全文: PDF(11484 KB) HTML

摘要:

使用低含量的NH₄Cl活化剂，用粉末包埋法在不同温度对316L不锈钢渗铝不同时间在其表面制备了连续致密的Fe-Al渗层，使用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段表征了Fe-Al渗层的表面形貌、截面结构以及物相组成，研究了渗铝温度和渗铝时间的影响。结果表明，在不同温度渗铝，渗层主要由Fe₂Al₅相和FeAl₃相组成且呈多层结构，渗层厚度随着渗铝温度的提高而增大；在650~750℃渗铝，渗层呈锯齿状结构嵌入基底，随着渗铝温度的提高齿状形貌特征逐渐消失且渗层表面质量变差。随着渗铝时间的增加，渗层的厚度随之增加但是物相组成不变。结合渗层成分的热力学稳定性，分析了渗层的形成过程。在反应初期已经在基体表面生成了FeAl₃相，但是Fe₂Al₅相一旦开始生成其生长速率就远高于FeAl₃相而使其生长受到抑制；而Fe₃Al相，只有在温度低于422℃时才开始生成。在动力学基础上建立了渗铝的动力学模型并计算出其扩散激活能。

关键词 ：金属材料, 阻氚涂层, 包埋渗铝法, Fe-Al渗层, 微观结构

Abstract：

The pack cementation aluminizing method is a common process for preparing tritium barrier coatings. A dense and continuous Fe-Al coating can be prepared on the surface of stainless steels, while the microstructure of the aluminide layer has an important effect on the barrier properties of the top Al₂O₃ film formed on the coating. Herein, Fe-Al aluminide coating was prepared on 316L stainless steel via pack cementation method with NH₄Cl as activator. The surface, cross-sectional morphology, phase composition of the Fe-Al coating was characterized by means of optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the aluminized coatings prepared at different temperatures are mainly composed of Fe₂Al₅ and FeAl₃. The thickness of the aluminized coating increases with the increase of temperature, and shows a multi-layered structure. When the aluminizing temperature is between 650^oC and 750^oC, the aluminizing coating shows a serrated structure embedded in the substrate. As the temperature increases, the serrated morphology gradually disappears and the surface quality of the aluminizing coating deteriorates; With the increasing aluminizing time, the thickness of the aluminized coating gradually increases, but does not affect its phase structure. In addition, the formation process of the aluminizing coating was analyzed in terms of the thermodynamics stabilities of its structure and conponents. The FeAl₃ phase was formed on the surface of the substrate at the initial stage of the reaction, however, the growth rate of the Fe₂Al₅ phase was much higher than that of the FeAl₃ phase, thereby, the former will inhibit the growth of the later once the former emerges at the initial stage, which led to the growth of the FeAl₃ phase was suppressed. The Fe₃Al phase begins to form only when the temperature is lower than 422^oC. On the basis of kinetics, a kinetic model of aluminizing process was established and the diffusion activation energy was calculated.

Key words： metallic materials tritium barrier coating pack aluminizing Fe-Al layer microstructure

收稿日期: 2023-11-24

ZTFLH:

TL341

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(11935011)

通讯作者: 张东勋，研究员，zhangdongxun@sinap.ac.cn，研究方向为氢同位素在结构材料中的扩散渗透

Corresponding author: ZHANG Dongxun, Tel: 18616354512, E-mail: zhangdongxun@sinap.ac.cn

作者简介: 文锋，男，1996年生，助理工程师

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表1 316L不锈钢合金的成分(质量分数，%)

表2 包埋渗铝实验方案

图1 在不同渗铝温度制备的Fe-Al渗层的XRD谱

图2 在不同渗铝温度制备的试样的表面组织形貌金相照片

图3 在不同渗铝温度制备的渗层的截面形貌SEM照片

图4 在900℃制备的渗层截面形貌的SEM照片

图5 不同渗铝时间制备的Fe-Al渗层的XRD谱

表3 对图3a和图4a中各点元素成分的扫描

图6 不同渗铝时间制备的渗层截面形貌的SEM照片和EDS点扫描位置

表4 对应图6a，d中各点扫描的元素成分组成

图7 Fe-Al化合物的吉布斯能ΔG随温度T的变化

图8 多层相结构的铁铝合金渗层的形成过程模型

图9 渗层厚度与渗铝温度的关系

图10 渗层厚度与渗铝时间之间的关系

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