热作模具钢<strong>DM</strong>的高温稳定性和热疲劳性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2019.339

材料研究学报

2020, Vol. 34

Issue (2): 125-136 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2019.339

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

热作模具钢DM的高温稳定性和热疲劳性能

施渊吉¹,于林惠¹,于照鹏²,成功¹,吴晓春³,滕宏春¹(

)

1. 南京工业职业技术学院机械工程系南京 210046
2. 常熟理工学院汽车工程学院苏州 215500
3. 上海大学材料科学与工程学院上海 200072

High Temperature Stability and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of DM Hot Working Die Steel

SHI Yuanji¹,YU Linhui¹,YU Zhaopeng²,CHENG Gong¹,WU Xiaochun³,TENG Hongchun¹(

)

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210046, China
2. School of Automotive Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, China
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China

引用本文:

施渊吉,于林惠,于照鹏,成功,吴晓春,滕宏春. 热作模具钢DM的高温稳定性和热疲劳性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2020, 34(2): 125-136.
Yuanji SHI, Linhui YU, Zhaopeng YU, Gong CHENG, Xiaochun WU, Hongchun TENG. High Temperature Stability and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of DM Hot Working Die Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2020, 34(2): 125-136.

全文: PDF(11425 KB) HTML

摘要:

研究了热作模具钢DM的高温稳定性和热疲劳性能。结果表明，DM钢在620℃热稳保温过程中马氏体板条内的薄片状M₃C型碳化物逐渐向条块状M₇C₃型碳化物转变，在板条的边界生成M₇C₃、M₂₃C₆型碳化物。DM钢的短循环周次热疲劳性能受控于位错重排和湮灭，长循环周次热疲劳性能受控于碳化物的粗化程度。DM钢中M₃C、M₇C₃、M₆C型碳化物的生成自由能分别为27765.5 J/mol、3841.5 J/mol、-7138.1 J/mol，表明在热稳保温与热疲劳试验过程中碳化物的演变机理一致，发生了M3C→M7C3→M6C类型演变。

关键词 ：金属学, 热作模具钢, 微观分析, 碳化物, 高温热稳定性, 热疲劳

Abstract：

The microstructure and performance of a novel DM steel for hot forging dies were systematically investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and thermal fatigue tester. Results show that the laminar M₃C carbides gradually transform into blocky carbides M₇C₃ inside the martensitic slabs, while carbides M₇C₃ and M₂₃C₆ are found at boundaries of slabs. Based on the Uddeholm self-restricting thermal fatigue test results, the short cyclic thermal fatigue performance was controlled by dislocation rearrangement and annihilation. Whereas, the long cyclic one was affected by the temper resistance of the DM steel and strongly depended on the carbide morphology and their resistance to over-ageing. In addition, the free energies of formation for carbides M₃C, M₇C₃ and M₆C in the DM steel are 236.4, 212.0, and 228.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The mechanism of carbides evolution during the thermal stability test is consistent with thermal fatigue test, the transformation of the carbides follows the sequence as M₃C→M₇C₃→M₆C.

Key words： metallography hot working die steel micro-analysis carbides High temperature stability thermal fatigue

收稿日期: 2019-07-09

ZTFLH:

TG430.1040

基金资助:江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(19KJB430024);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20181036);南工院人才科研启动基金(YK180113)

作者简介: 施渊吉，男，1989年生，博士

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2019.339 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2020/V34/I2/125

表1 DM钢的化学成分

图1 热疲劳试验机的结构和试样的示意图

图2 不同热稳温度下DM钢的硬度曲线

图 3 DM钢在620℃热稳保温1 h后的TEM照片

图 4 DM钢在620℃热稳保温1 h后的TEM像

表2 DM钢在620℃热稳保温1 h和20 h后碳化物的形貌、尺寸和类型

图 5 DM钢在620℃热稳保温20 h后的 TEM照片

图 6 DM钢在620℃热稳保温20 h后的 TEM照片

图7 DM钢热疲劳循环不同周次后的表面裂纹形貌

表3 DM钢热疲劳循环不同周次的损伤因子

图8 DM钢热疲劳循环不同周次后截面的硬度梯度

图9 DM钢热疲劳测试前TEM碳膜的复型图像

图10 DM钢热疲劳循环600次后TEM碳膜复型图像

图11 DM钢热疲劳循环2000次后TEM碳膜复型图像

图12 DM钢热疲劳循环3000次后TEM碳膜复型图像

图13 热疲劳循环不同周次后碳化物的面积百分比

图14 热疲劳循环不同周次后碳化物的尺寸分布

图15 DM钢热疲劳循环不同周次后的X射线衍射图谱

图16 DM钢热疲劳循环不同周次后表层位错的密度

表4 DM钢中碳化物的生成自由能ΔGMxCy

图17 DM钢中各碳化物单位摩尔生成自由能与温度的关系

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