Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are the techniques employed for oxidation of various organic contaminants in polluted water with the objective of making it suitable for human consumption like household and drinking purpose. AOPs use potent chemical oxidants to bring down the contaminant level in the water. In addition to this function, these processes are also capable to kills microbes (as disinfectant) and remove odor as well as improve taste of the drinking water. The non-photochemical AOPs methods include generation of hydroxyl radical in absence of light either by ozonation or through Fenton reaction. The photochemical AOPs methods use UV light along with HO, O and/or Fe to generate reactive hydroxyl radical. Non-photochemical method is the commonly used whereas, photochemical method is used when conventional O and HO cannot completely oxidize organic pollutants. However, the choice of AOPs methods is depended upon the type of contaminant to be removed. AOPs cause loss of biological activity of the pollutant present in drinking water without generation of any toxicity. Conventional ozonation and AOPs can inactivate estrogenic compounds, antiviral compounds, antibiotics, and herbicides. However, the study of different AOPs methods for the treatment of drinking water has shown that oxidation of parent compound can also lead to the generation of a degradation/transformation product having biological activity/chemical toxicity similar to or different from the parent compound. Furthermore, an increased toxicity can also occur in AOPs treated drinking water. This review discusses various methods of AOPs, their merits, its application in drinking water treatment, the related issue of the evolution of toxicity in AOPs treated drinking water, biocatalyst, and analytical methods for identification of pollutants /transformed products and provides future directions to address such an issue.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A series of BUC-21/N-K2Ti4O9 composites (B1NX) were facilely fabricated from BUC-21 and N-K2Ti4O9 via ball-milling, and they were fully characterized using various techniques. The photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) over the B1NX composites was investigated systematically under various conditions, including different light sources, pH values, hole scavengers, and inorganic ions, in both real lake water and tap water. The BUC-21/N-K2Ti4O9 composites demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction performance, good reusability, and stability under both UV and white light irradiation. The introduction of N-K2Ti4O9 into BUC-21 not only broadened its light absorption region to white light, but also strongly inhibited the recombination of the photo-generated electrons and holes. Mechanisms of photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction under both UV light and white light were proposed and verified by electrochemical measurements, active species capture experiments, and ESR measurements.

用简单的溶剂热法制备1T/2H相WS₂纳米材料，改变前驱体中WCl₆/TAA的摩尔比和反应温度调控WS₂中1T相的含量。用X射线衍射(XRD)分析、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察探讨反应条件对产物中1T相含量的影响，并用共催化降解实验证实了W-200 (W-12)有最佳的助催化性能。用透射电镜(TEM)观察和拉曼光谱分析证实了W-200具有最佳的1T相含量。对比反应前后材料的状态发现，WS₂在使用过程中会产生硫空位和具有优异的可循环使用性。

An unusually large expansion upon solvent adsorption occurs without apparent bond breaking in the network of a series of isoreticular chromium(III) or iron(III) diarboxylates labeled MIL-88A to D [dicarbox = fumarate (88A); terephthalate (1,4-BDC) (88B); 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (2,6-NDC) (88C); and 4-4'-biphenyldicarboxylate (4-4'-BPDC) (88D)]. This reversible "breathing" motion was analyzed in terms of cell dimensions (extent of breathing), movements within the framework (mechanism of transformation), and the interactions between the guests and the skeleton. In situ techniques show that these flexible solids are highly selective absorbents and that this selectivity is strongly dependent on the nature of the organic linker.

用超声震荡法合成不同形貌的石墨烯负载Zn-BTC金属有机骨架材料，并将其用做电极组装超级电容器。用TG曲线、SEM观察、XRD谱、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller模型和Raman谱等手段表征材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能，使用电化学工作站和三电极体系测试了超级电容样品的电化学性能。结果表明，合成的一维棒状Zn-BTC均匀锚定在褶皱的石墨烯纳米片层上，其比电容为182.4 C·g^-1 (1 A·g^-1)，优于石墨烯负载的二维片状Zn-BTC (139.3 C·g^-1)、石墨烯(97.9 C·g^-1)和一维棒状Zn-BTC (62.8 C·g^-1)。使用石墨烯负载的一维棒状Zn-BTC组装的对称超级电容器，在电流密度为1 A·g^-1、比容量为57.7 F·g^-1、功率密度为1390 W·kg^-1条件下的最大能量密度为1.99 Wh·kg^-1，经过2000次充放电循环后其比容量保持率为90.3%。

<p id="p00005">The emergence of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs) has attracted increasing attention due to their wide distribution and persistence in aquatic ecosystems, as well as the potential threat to the health and safety of aquatic organisms. Traditional water treatment processes represented by activated sludge processes are generally insufficient to eliminate these persistent pollutants. For efficient removal of EOCs, advanced oxidation technology based on new materials is one of the most important advanced treatment technologies. Fe-MOFs and their composites have been widely used in many fields, especially in the catalytic oxidation of pollutants in wastewater. With the aid of the improvement of synthesis methods, post-synthetic modification and being composited with specific functional materials, Fe-MOFs can be used to effectively improve the adsorption performance, enhance the light absorption characteristics, and promote the effective separation of charge carriers. The review focuses on the progress of advanced oxidation processes(photocatalysis, Fenton-like reaction and sulfate radical($SO_{4}^{-·}$) mediated oxidation) of Fe-MOFs and their composites to remove emerging organic contaminants in wastewater. As well, the opportunities and challenges of Fe-MOFs in the field of EOCs removal are proposed. </p> <div class="mag_zhaiyao_sec"><strong class="mag_zhaiyao_title">Contents </strong><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">1 Introduction</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">2 Preparation of Fe?MOFs and their composites for oxidative degradation of EOCs</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">2.1 MIL?100(Fe) and its composites</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">2.2 MIL?101(Fe) and its composites</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">2.3 MIL?53(Fe) and its composites</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">2.4 MIL?88(Fe) and its composites</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">3 The application of Fe?MOFs and their composites in advanced oxidation degradation of EOCs</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">3.1 Advanced oxidative degradation of drugs in wastewater by Fe?MOFs and their composites</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">3.2 Advanced oxidative degradation of environmental hormone in wastewater by Fe?MOFs and their composites</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">3.3 Advanced oxidative degradation of pesticide in wastewater by Fe?MOFs and their composites</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">3.4 Advanced oxidative degradation of multiple EOCs in wastewater by Fe?MOFs and their composites</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">4 The influencing factors of advanced oxidation degradation of EOCs by Fe?MOFs and their composites</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">4.1 The influence of physical properties of materials</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">4.2 The influence of operation conditions</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">4.3 The influence of active substances</p><p class="mag_zhaiyao_p">5 Conclusions and prospects</p></div>

新兴有机污染物(Emerging organic contaminants,EOCs)是对人体健康及生态环境具有潜在或实质威胁的新型化学污染物。由于其被频繁使用且能在水生生态系统中持久性存在而对水生生物健康和安全造成严重威胁,故引起大众越来越多的关注。以活性污泥法为代表的传统水处理工艺通常不足以消除这些新兴有机污染物。为高效去除新兴有机污染物,基于新材料的高级氧化技术是最主要的深度处理技术之一。铁基金属-有机骨架(Fe-MOFs)及其复合物在诸多领域得到了广泛的应用,特别是在催化氧化去除水中有机污染物方面展现出良好的应用前景。通过合成方法改进、合成后改性以及与特定功能材料复合等方法可有效提升Fe-MOFs及其相关材料的吸附性能、增强其光吸收特性和促进载流子有效分离等。本文重点综述了Fe-MOFs及其复合物高级氧化(光催化、类芬顿和硫酸根自由基($SO_{4}^{-·}$)介导的氧化)去除水中新兴有机污染物的研究进展,并探讨了未来研究所面临的机遇和挑战。

This article gives a personal perspective on the ideas leading to the development of reticular chemistry. The feasibility of achieving targeted materials with predetermined metrics and functionality by designed synthesis is defended.

Metal-organic frameworks built from [Fe-3(mu(3)-O)(COO)(6)] clusters and fumaric acid ligand, the so-called MIL-88 A(Fe) is a well-known environment-friendly promising material for many applications. In this paper, three different morphologies of MIL-88 A(Fe) such as rod, diamond and spindle have been synthesized separately by reacting FeCl3 center dot 6H(2)O and fumaric acid in 1 : 1 metal-ligand stoichiometric ratio using two different solvents such as water and DMF via hydrothermal method. The morphology of the products and their particle sizes were obtained using SEM and three distinct morphologies viz., rod, diamond and spindle were clearly distinguished by TEM. All the three samples were characterized by FT-IR, PXRD, UVDRS, PL, XPS and BET, and the effect of the morphologies of MIL-88 A(Fe) on the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) was studied under sunlight. The addition of an H(2)O(2)electron acceptor can markedly enhance the photocatalytic Rhodamine B degradation of MIL-88 A(Fe). Among these three, rod-shaped morphology of MIL-88 A(Fe) shows the higher photocatalytic effect for the degradation of Rhodamine B under sunlight due to its lower band gap, high surface area, and lower electron-hole recombination rate which enable them the transfer of electrons for the photocatalytic degradation. We found that 98% degradation of RhB in 50 min has taken place by using r-MIL-88 A(Fe) as the catalyst under sunlight.

In this work, a Fe-based metal organic frameworks (MIL-88A) has been synthesized through a hydrothermal method and adopted as a high-efficiency catalyst for photocatalysis (PC) coupled with sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HC1) under visible light irradiation. The effects of MIL-88A/persulfate (PS) molar ratio, initial solution pH and catalyst dosage were studied. The results indicated that the combining of the photocatalysis and SR-AOPs could remarkably enhance TC degradation and 200mg/L 100mL TC could be degraded completely at 0.25 g/L MIL-88A, unadjusted pH value and 4 mM PS in 80 mins. The results of scavenging experiments and ESR analysis demonstrated that SO4-center dot and O-center dot(2-) radicals were the predominant radicals for the TC degradation. The significant improvement of degradation rate in MIL-88A/PS/Vis process is attributed to the following two factors: (1) as a photocatalyst, MIL88A could be excited by visible light, therefore photogenerated electrons (e(-)) on the conduction band (CB) of MIL-88A could be trapped by PS to generate SO(4)(-center dot)radicals. In this process, PS acted as an electron acceptor and the electron/hole recombination was suppressed leading to the enhanced photocatalyst efficiency; (2) The PS can be activated not only by photoelectrons but also Fe (III) in MIL-88A leads to the generation of SO4-center dot radicals more rapidly and easily. A possible mechanism and degradation pathway for TC was proposed based on the trapping/ESR experiments and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. This work proposed a new idea and method in combining two oxidation processes in degradation of organic pollutants thus could be potentially used in environmental purification.

The removal of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution by an oxidation process involving peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by CuFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is reported herein. The effects of PMS concentration, CuFe2O4 dosage, initial pH, initial BPA concentration, catalyst addition mode, and anions (Cl(-), F(-), ClO4(-) and H2PO4(-)) on BPA degradation were investigated. Results indicate that nearly complete removal of BPA (50 mg/L) within 60 min and 84.0% TOC removal in 120 min could be achieved at neutral pH by using 0.6 g/L CuFe2O4 MNPs and 0.3 g/L PMS. The generation of reactive radicals (mainly hydroxyl radicals) was confirmed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Possible mechanisms on the radical generation from CuFe2O4/PMS system are proposed based on the results of radical identification tests and XPS analysis. The lack of inhibition of the reaction by free radical scavengers such as methanol and tert-butyl alcohol suggests that these species may not be generated in the bulk solution, and methylene blue probe experiments confirm that this process does not involve free radical generation. Surface-bound, rather than free radicals generated by a surface catalyzed-redox cycle involving both Fe(III) and Cu(II), are postulated to be responsible for the mineralization of bisphenol A.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.