The irradiation behavior of a China low activation martensitic (CLAM) steel was investigated by advanced transmission electron microscopy combined with nano-indentation measurement. The CLAM steel was irradiated by single-(D⁺), single-(He⁺) and sequential-(D⁺ plus He⁺ subsequently) ions respectively at room temperature. The nano-indentation hardness results show that all of the irradiated specimens exhibited obvious hardening. The irradiation hardening rate was obtained for each specimens by fitting the experimental data using the modified NGK model, in which D⁺ implanted samples had the lowest radiation hardening level while the one for He⁺ injection and D⁺ + He⁺ implanted samples were significant. The microstructure analysis indicates that the defect density gradually increased first and then decreased along the implantation depth direction. High-density irradiation induced defects were present at the vicinity of the implantation peak depth. Homogeneously distributed fine bubbles were observed in both single-(He⁺) and sequential-(D⁺ plus He⁺ subsequently) irradiated samples with the bubble appearance at shallower depth for the latter ones because of the synergistic effect. No bubbles were found in single-(D⁺) irradiated samples. The hardening rate of He⁺ implanted samples, in which both dislocation loops and helium bubbles occurred, is greater than D⁺ implanted samples. In D⁺+He⁺ irradiated samples, certain defects occurred by D⁺ will recover when the samples are being irradiated by He⁺. Therefore, the hardening rate of D⁺+He⁺ irradiated samples is not equivalent to the rate of D⁺ irradiated samples plus He⁺ irradiated samples. Irradiation hardening results from the synergistic reaction.

Niobium doped indium-zinc oxide (INZO) film, as a new channel layer material for thin film transistors (TFTs), was deposited on glass by co-sputtering targets of IZO and Nb₂O₅. The optical and electronic properties of the films were investigated by means of XRD, photo luminescence (PL) and Hall effect measurements. The PL results indicate that the density of deep sub-gap states in INZO films is lower than that of Ga doped IZO (IGZO). The Hall measurement results show that the carrier concentration of INZO can be effectively controlled by the O₂ flow rates and thereby the carrier concentration of INZO can meet the requirement for TFT application as a channel layer. The Hall mobility increases with the increasing carrier concentration, which can be well explained by the percolation model. Optical analysis of Urbach energy demonstrates that the poor mobility with high carrier concentration originates from the structural disorder due to overabundant oxygen vacancies. The films deposited on the substrate at 250^oC exhibit higher mobility but more or less the same degree of structural disorder in comparision with that at 30^oC.

Fast carburization of T8 carbon steel was carried out by plasma electrolytic carburizing (PEC) method in glycerol aqueous solution. The dependence of temperature on the applied voltage for the steel sample was measured with a thermocouple, and the influence of the applied voltage on the diffusion process of carbon and the optical emission spectral features of the plasma discharge was investigated. It was found that a hardening layer of 20-30 μm thick formed after 1min discharge in glycerol aqueous solution; by applied voltage 360 V, the surface temperature of the steel was about 650℃and the diffusion coefficient of carbon was about 6.7×10^-8 cm²s^-1; while by applied voltage 380 V, the surface temperature of the steel and the diffusion coefficient of carbon were about 800℃ and1.5×10^-7 cm²s^-1, respectively. In addition, the discharge plasma within the gaseous envelope by the above two voltages was in local thermal equilibrium (LTE) state with temperatures in the range of 5000-12000 K. The transient high temperature promotes the decomposition of electrolyte and the diffusion of carbon. In comparison with the conventionbal pack cementation process at the same temperature, the diffusion coefficient of carbon was enhanced by an order of magnitude with an obviously reduced activation energy for the PEC process.

High speed steels with high V content (HVHSS, 10 mass % of V) were fabricated by a process of pressing plus super solid-liquid phase sintering (SLPS) with atomized alloy powder as raw material. The effect of sintering parameters such as sintering temperature and holding time on densification, microstructure evolution as well as mechanical properties were systematically investigated, and the composition, morphology and distribution of the phases existed in the alloy were carefully analyzed. The results show that sintering temperature is the most important parameter affecting the performance of the sintered alloys, however holding time shows the main effect on the precipitation and evolution of carbides. The matrix of the as prepared HVHSS consists of acicular martensite and retained austensite, and there are three types of carbides, i.e. VC, complex molybdenum carbide and complex chromium carbide. Small spherical VC particles mainly distribute in the grains and along their boundaries. As sintering temperature and holding time increased, not only grains and carbides gradually coarsened but also more and more carbides precipitated. However, the precipitation of complex carbides deteriorates the alloy’s strength and toughness due to their poor morphology which cause serious stress concentration or forming carbide network along grain boundaries. The HVHSS possess high performance, such as hardness HRC 65-68, impact toughness and bending strength over 6 J/cm² and 1800 MPa respectively.

Cadmium(II) ion imprinted polymer microspheres (IIPs) were synthesized by seedball swelling suspension polymerization in aqueous system, using polystyrene emulsion as seedball, cadmium(II) ion as template, α-benzoin oxime as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker. The interaction between cadmium(II) and α-benzoin oxime of cadmium(II) IIPs were investigated by UV spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and then the optimal ratio of the two was acquired. In addition, the microstructure of the prepared IIPs was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Equilibrium adsorption and isothermal adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the cadmium(II)-adsorption ability of the prepared IIPs. The results indicate that there existed interaction between the template and the monomer, and the best ratio of the two is 1:2. The IIPs showed good dispersibility with uniform size distribution, which exhibited high adsorption and good specific selectivity to cadmium(II) for the solutions with pH 6. The IIPs could be used to effectively extract cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions.

Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/SiO₂ photocatalytic material coated quartz sand was prepared by sol-gel method. The effect of deposition process on physical property and photocatalytic activity of the deposited Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ were studied. The deposited Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ shows a layered perovskite structure on the surface of the amorphous quartz sand. Whlie the deposition process does not alter the electron binding energies of the deposited Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂. The adsorption of reactive brilliant red X-3B on pure Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ and xBi₄Ti₃O₁₂/SiO₂ with different deposited among χ is not more than 3%. Photocatalytic activity of the deposited Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ is enhanced, among others the Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/SiO₂ with 50 mass% Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ has the maximum activity. The rate constants of photocatalytic reactions for Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ and 50%Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/SiO₂ are 0.021 s^-1 and 0.027 s^-1 respectively.

The influence of interface performance on the macroscopic tensile properties for the random short spruce fibers reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite materials was investigated. The mechanical behavior of the imperfect interface between spruce fiber and PP matrix is described by the bilinear cohesive zone model (CZM), while a two-dimensional finite element model of the representative volume element (RVE) with CZM for the material was developed in terms of the volume content, aspect ratio (AR) and random anisotropic elastic of random distribution short spruce fiber, as well as the influence of elastic plastic PP matrix. Experimental tensile stress strain curves for the composites with different fiber volume contents were simulated. The results show that there exists a common trend of monotone increasing for the curves of imperfect interfacial stiffness versus the effective modulus, namely E-K curves. The E-K curves for the composites with different volume fraction of fibers converged to a unique critical point (CP). In the range of higher interface stiffness the effective modulus of composites increase with the increase of fiber volume content, in the range of lower interface stiffness that is the opposite. For three spruce/PP composites with different fiber contents of 10%, 20% and 49% (in volume fraction), their imperfect interfacial stiffness could be estimated by their E-K curves and the measured macroscopic effective elastic modulus through experiment. The displacement corresponding to the initial separation and that to the entire separation of the interface could also be determined by the simulating tensile experimental stress strain curve of spruce/PP. Therefore, the results of numerical analysis base on the imperfect interfacial stiffness can be used to explain and further understand the influence of random short fiber volume content on the effective modulus of spruce/PP composites.

C-TaC coatings with different C contents (in mass fraction) were deposited on pure graphite by chemical vapor deposition technique with a gas mixture of TaCl₅-Ar-C₃H₆. The tribological properties of the as-prepared coatings were characterized by multifunctional tribometer. The microstructures of the coatings and then the morphologies of the friction surface were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the addition of an appropriate amount of Ta to a pure carbon coating can increase the content of sp² bonds in the carbon coatings, and can improve the degree of graphitization of the carbon based coatings. When the mass fraction of C in the coatings was 86.4%, the coating show a nano composite structure with the pyrolytic carbon matrix embedded with nanometersized TaC crystallites and among others, which shows the smallest friction coefficient of 0.13. The wear mechanism may mainly concern with adhesive wear, fatigue wear and abrasive wear. By controlling the carbon content and the size of the crystallites in the coating, the friction coefficient of the coating can be adjusted effectively.

The self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of hexadecane-thiol (HDT) were prepared on silver surface in ethanol solution. The adsorption behavior of HDT SAMs on silver surface and their corrosion inhibition were investigated by means of polarization curve, reflectance, EPMA, AFM and XPS. The results indicate that the HDT SAMs are dense and stable and do not affect the original appearance of silver, while exhibit also excellent inhibiting effect. In the solution with 0.05 mol/ dm³ Na₂S, the inhibition efficiency is up to 91.7% for the HDT SAMs prepared in the ethanol solution with 0.1 mol/dm³ HDT. The polarization curve shows that HDT acts as a mixed type inhibitor with cathodic inhibition as dominative action. The adsorption of HDT on the silver surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption law and contains both physisorption and chemisorption.

By carrying out quasi-static localized indentation tests, failure modes and typical load-displacement curves of composite sandwich of open-cell aluminum foam and epoxy resin were studied. It was also compared with the traditional sandwich panel. The influence of composite layer thickness, indenter type and boundary condition on the localized indentation stiffness, ultimate bearing capacity and energy absorption capacity were analyzed. The results indicate that this kind of composite sandwich panel has good integrality, stability and energy absorption capacity in the condition of indentation. Load-displacement curves have gone through four phases: elastic phase, local damage phase, overall damage phase and punching failure phase. Mechanical properties of sandwich panel have been obviously improved by the over lapped layers of aluminum foam and epoxy resin. Also, there exists an increasing tendency of the mechanical property of the panel with the increase of composite layer thickness. Failure modes and mechanical properties of specimens with spherical indenter are very different from cylindrical indenter and square indenter. Mechanical properties of specimens, which were simply supported are poorer than specimens, which were fully fixed. The stiffness, strength, energy absorption capacity and integrality of composite sandwich panel are superior to those of the traditional sandwich panel.

Micro-nano composites of Fe₃O₄/P(St-co-MMA) were in-situ synthesized by inverse coprecipitation method using microspheres of monodispersed styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer P(St-co-MMA) as carrier, FeCl₃6H₂O and FeSO₄7H₂O as precursor. The microstructure, crystallographic structure, magnetic property, average pore size, volume of pores and BET specific surface area of Fe₃O₄/P(St-co-MMA) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, viberating sample magnetometer (VSM) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The results show that nano paricles of Fe₃O₄ were successfully deposited on the suface of micro-sized P(St-co-MMA). The mesoporous in Fe₃O₄/P(St-co-MMA) micro-nano composites were confirmed. The average pore size, the volume of pores, and the BET specific surface area of Fe₃O₄/P(St-co-MMA) were 15.41 nm, 0.15953 cm³/g and 32.82 m²/g, respectively. The micro-nano composites Fe₃O₄/P(St-co-MMA) have magnetic property in superparamagnetism and good magnetic response, so Fe₃O₄/P(St-co-MMA) can meet the requirement for fast solid-liquid separation from liquid suspension with an applied external magnetic field.

In order to increase hydrogen ion concentration, hydrochloric acid was added in the etching liquid for the preparation of porous silicon used by electrochemical wet etching. The diameters of pores were constant and the depth linearly increased into constant with the concentration of hydrogen ions. The changes of the diameter and depth of pores were discussed on the basis of current burst model. The apertures formed in the initial stage of etching. In this stage the holes dominated the silicon corrosion, and the transport and consumption of the holes led to the aperture expansion and the formation of pore walls. The characters of holes were decided by silicon substrates and were not related to the concentration of hydrogen ions, so the apertures were constant. The increase of hydrogen ion concentration led to the acceleration until constant on the reaction rate of hydrogen displacement, so the system reaction rate was accelerated to a constant until it was limited by other reaction. The curve of pore depth - hydrochloric acid concentration remained constant after a linear increasing. Si-H contents increased with the pore depth in the certain range. Si-H₂ bonds dominated in the bonding type of Si-H_x (x=1, 2, 3).