Synergistic Effect of Introducing Ammonium Polyphosphate, Carbon Nanotubes and Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene to Nylon 6 for Improving Flame Retardancy

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2015.374

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2016, Vol. 30

Issue (3): 199-208 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2015.374

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Synergistic Effect of Introducing Ammonium Polyphosphate, Carbon Nanotubes and Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene to Nylon 6 for Improving Flame Retardancy

YANG Dian, LU Chang^**(

), TANG Tan, ZHANG Chunhui, MA Qingyan, HUANG Xinhui, ZHANG Yuqing

(Key Lab of Polymer Science and Nanotechnology, Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China)

Cite this article:

YANG Dian, LU Chang, TANG Tan, ZHANG Chunhui, MA Qingyan, HUANG Xinhui, ZHANG Yuqing. Synergistic Effect of Introducing Ammonium Polyphosphate, Carbon Nanotubes and Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene to Nylon 6 for Improving Flame Retardancy. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2016, 30(3): 199-208.

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Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were applied to improve the flame retardancy of nylon6 (PA6). The results showed that PA6/APP/CNTs exhibited excellent flame retardancy with 1% CNTs and 20% APP (in mass fraction). While for a PA6/APP/CNTs blended with the flammable acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) it needed to add only 0.25% CNTs to meet the flame retardancy equal to that of the above mentioned PA6/APP/CNTs with 1% CNTs. TEM observation showed that CNTs were exclusively dispersed in the PA6 phase of PA6/ABS/APP. Rheological tests showed that the selective dispersion of CNTs facilitated the formation of the network structure of CNTs, thus the needed CNTs content could be lowered from 1% to 0.25% to meet the required flame retardancy. The morphology observation of the residue char revealed that the network structure was benefitial to the formation of compact residue char thus enhanced the flame retardancy for the 1% CNTs filled PA6/APP or 0.25% CNTs filled PA6/ABS/APP, respectively. When the CNTs content in PA6/ABS/APP was 1%, the formed network structure was so dense that the swell of the char layer was inhibited, thereby resulting in poor flame retardancy.

Key words: composites flame retardancy nylon 6 ammonium polyphosphate carbon nanotubes network

Received: 03 July 2015

ZTFLH:

TQ323.6

Fund: *Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China No.51003024 and the Students Research Training Program of Henan University of Science and Technology

About author: **To whom correspondence should be addressed, Tel: 13949241443, E-mail: luchang139@126.com

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	Dian YANG
	Chang LU
	Tan TANG
	Chunhui ZHANG
	Qingyan MA
	Xinhui HUANG
	Yuqing ZHANG

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2015.374 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2016/V30/I3/199

Table 1 Formulation of blends

Fig.1 Heat release rate curves of PA6, PA6/APP/CNTs and PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs at different CNTs contents

Table 2 LOI and UL-94 rating of PA6/APP/CNTs and PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs

Fig.2 Residual mass curves of PA6, PA6/APP/CNTs and PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs at different CNTs contents

Fig.3 FT-IR spectra of ABS (a) and the remainder of PA6/ABS/APP extracted by formic acid (b)

Fig.4 TEM iamge of PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs (1%)

Fig.5 TGA curves of PA6/APP/CNTs and PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs at different CNTs contents

Fig.6 Storage modulus (G') of PA6/APP/CNTs at different CNTs contents vs. frequency (ω) at 225℃

Fig.7 Storage modulus (G') of PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs at different CNTs contents vs. frequency (ω) at 225℃

Fig.8 SEM images of intumescent char residue for PA6/APP/CNTs and PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs at different CNTs contents after vertical flammability tests, (a) PA6/APP; (b) PA6/ABS/APP; (c) PA6/APP/CNTs (0.125%); (d) PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs (0.125%); (e) PA6/APP/CNTs (0.25%); (f) PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs (0.25%); (g) PA6/APP/CNTs (1%); (h) PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs (1%)

Fig.9 Photographs of the residue of PA6/APP/CNTs and PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs after cone calorimeter test, (a) PA6/APP/CNTs (1%), (b) PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs (0.25%), (c) PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs (1%)

Fig.10 Complex viscosity (η*) of PA6/APP/CNTs (a) and PA6/ABS/APP/CNTs (b) at different CNTs contents vs. frequency (ω) at 225℃

Table 3 Mechanical properties of blends

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