The pure rutile phase nano–TiO2 was prepared by low temperature hydrothermal method using titanium tetrachloride as reaction precursors. The effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on the microstructure and the morphology of the TiO2 samples were investigated. The X–ray diffraction patterns showed that all of the TiO2 samples were pure rutile phase. The average crystallite size was found  to vary in the range of 4.0–11.5 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectra and thermogravimetry analysis showed that the nano–TiO2 samples have surface hydroxyl group and surface adsorbed water. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the morphology and average size of the synthesized rutile nano– TiO2 were strongly effected by both hydrothermal reaction temperature and time. The rutile nano–TiO2 shows a similar shuttle–like morphology and were bunched together at the reaction temperature of 60–80 ,  however, at the reaction temperature above 120 they tended to resolve into spherical particles andattained larger sizes. The morphology of the rutile nano–TiO2 samples changed form rod–like to shuttle– like and spherical–like with increase of reaction time from 4 h to 40 h.