Variation of Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Powder Metallurgy Hot Isostatic Pressed TC11 Alloy After Thermal Exposure for 400 h

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.312

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (8): 572-582 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.312

SPECIAL TOPiC: TITANIUM ALLOY

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Variation of Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Powder Metallurgy Hot Isostatic Pressed TC11 Alloy After Thermal Exposure for 400 h

YANG Lei¹^,², SHANG Xuewen²^,³, TIAN Xiaosheng², GAO Huiying¹, XU Lei²(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
^2.Shi -changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^3.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

Cite this article:

YANG Lei, SHANG Xuewen, TIAN Xiaosheng, GAO Huiying, XU Lei. Variation of Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Powder Metallurgy Hot Isostatic Pressed TC11 Alloy After Thermal Exposure for 400 h. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(8): 572-582.

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Abstract

Herein, work-pieces of TC11 Ti-alloy were made via powder metallurgy hot isostatic pressing (PM-HIP) technique. Then the tensile property of the as made TC11 Ti-alloys was studied at 500 ^oC for long-term (400 h), in terms of the variation of their microstructure and mechanical property with the thermal exposure via high-temperature tensile test, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) etc. The results show that the made TC11 Ti-alloy has good microstructure stability. After thermal exposure, the equivalent diameter of equiaxed α and the thickness of lamellar α remain basically at 3.7 μm and 2.5 μm. After long term exposure at 500 ^oC, the made TC11 Ti-alloy presents an improvement to a certain extent in tensile strength, while exposure at higher temperature the alloy shows a decrease in strength. The study suggests that the grain size change and the precipitation of α₂ phase, and silicides significantly affect the alloy performance. Moreover, based on the actual microstructure evolution process during thermal exposure, the possible pathways of Hall-Petch relationship parameter changes under this process are proposed.

Key words: metallic materials TC11 alloy hot isostatic pressing thermal exposure microstructure mechanical properties

Received: 27 October 2025

ZTFLH:

TF124

Fund: Advanced Materials-National Science and Technology Major Project(2025ZD0610602);CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-025);Science and Technology Major Project of Liaoning Province(2024JH1/11700027);Key Deployment Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(RCJJ-145-24-39);Key Deployment Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KGFZD-145-25-26)

Corresponding Authors: XU Lei, Tel: (024)83978843, E-mail: lxu@imr.ac.cn

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2025.312 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2026/V40/I8/572

Fig.1 Particle size distribution and morphology of TC11 pre-alloyed powder

Table 1 Chemical composition and impurity content (mass fraction, %)

Fig.2 XRD patterns of TC11 alloys powders, before (a) and after (b) thermal exposure of HIP alloy and before (c) and after (d) thermal exposure of wrought alloy

Fig.3 Microstructure of TC11 alloys before and after thermal exposure (a) HIP alloy before thermal exposure, (b) HIP alloy after thermal exposure, (c) wrought alloy before thermal exposure, (d) wrought alloy after thermal exposure

Fig.4 Statistical data of grain size of TC11 alloys before (a) and after (b) thermal exposure

Fig.5 SEM images of TC11 alloys before and after thermal exposure (a) HIP alloy before thermal exposure, (b) HIP alloy after thermal exposure, (c) wrought alloy before thermal exposure, (d) wrought alloy after thermal exposure, (e-h) secondary α phase of TC11 alloys

Fig.6 EBSD images of TC11 alloys before and after thermal exposure (a) HIP alloy before thermal exposure, (b) HIP alloy after thermal exposure, (c) wrought alloy before thermal exposure, (d) wrought alloy after thermal exposure, (e) pole figure of HIP alloy before thermal exposure, (f) pole figure of HIP alloy after thermal exposure, (g) pole figure of wrought alloy before thermal exposure and (h) pole figure of wrought alloy after thermal exposure

Fig.7 Mechanical properties of TC11 alloys before and after thermal exposure (a) stress-strain curves, (b) tensile properties

Fig.8 Microscopic fracture surfaces and nanoindentation hardness before and after thermal exposure (a) HIP alloy before thermal exposure, (b) HIP alloy after thermal exposure, (c) wrought alloy before thermal exposure, (d) wrought alloy after thermal exposure, (e) nanoindentation hardness

Fig.9 TEM images of PM-HIP TC11 alloy before and after thermal exposure (a) before thermal exposure, (b) after thermal exposure, (c, d) selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns after thermal exposure, (e, f) samples after thermal exposure and stretching, (g-j) after 650 ^oC/400 h thermal exposure

Fig.10 Schematic of microstructure evolution in PM-HIP TC11 alloy before and after thermal exposure

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