Effect of Sn on Microstructure and Properties of DD26 Nickel-based Single Crystal Superalloy

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.237

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (3): 161-168 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.237

ARTICLES

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Effect of Sn on Microstructure and Properties of DD26 Nickel-based Single Crystal Superalloy

JIN Shihang¹^,², MEI Song³, LU Yuzhang², HUANG Yaqi², ZHENG Wei², SHEN Jian²(

), ZHANG Jian²(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
^2.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^3.Center for Adaptive System Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China

Cite this article:

JIN Shihang, MEI Song, LU Yuzhang, HUANG Yaqi, ZHENG Wei, SHEN Jian, ZHANG Jian. Effect of Sn on Microstructure and Properties of DD26 Nickel-based Single Crystal Superalloy. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(3): 161-168.

Download:

HTML

PDF(17869KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

Four DD26 nickel-based single-crystal superalloys with varying Sn contents (mass fractions of 0%, 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.10%) were prepared using liquid metal cooling (LMC) directional solidification process. The influence of Sn-amount on the microstructures, as well as the room-temperature tensile properties and stress rupture properties tested under 975 ^oC/255 MPa was investigated for the as-cast and heat-treated alloys. It was found that there was no significant change in primary dendrite arm spacing, γ/γ′ eutectic content, or the average size and volume fraction of the γ′ phase in DD26 single crystal superalloys with the increase of Sn content. No compounds involving Sn and Ni formed in as-cast alloy, and the Sn segregated around the γ/γ′ eutectic structures in the interdendritic regions. After heat treatment, the segregation of Sn disappeared and Sn distributed uniformly throughout the alloy. No measurable effect on either the tensile properties or the stress rupture performance of DD26 single crystal superalloys was observed with the addition of Sn.

Key words: metallic materials nickel-based single crystal superalloy liquid metal cooling processing Sn microstructure mechanical property

Received: 23 July 2025

ZTFLH:

TG244.2

Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3702900);IMR Innovation Fund(2024-PY04);Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province(2022JH2/101300226)

Corresponding Authors: SHEN Jian, Tel: 13804984964, E-mail: shenjain@imr.ac.cn;
ZHANG Jian, Tel: 13840053283, E-mail: jianzhang@imr.ac.cn

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	（）
	Articles by authors
	JIN Shihang
	MEI Song
	LU Yuzhang
	HUANG Yaqi
	ZHENG Wei
	SHEN Jian
	ZHANG Jian

URL:

https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2025.237 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2026/V40/I3/161

Fig.1 DTA curves of Sn-containing alloys during cooling process

Table 1 Effect of Sn content on phase transformation temperatures during cooling

Fig.2 Dendritic microstructures of as-cast alloys with different Sn contents (a) 0%Sn alloy, (b) 0.01%Sn alloy, (c) 0.05%Sn alloy, (d) 0.10%Sn alloy

Fig.3 Primary dendrite arm spacing and eutectic volume fraction in as-cast alloys with varying Sn contents

Fig.4 Morphology of γ′ phase in dendrite core and interdendritic regions of as-cast alloys with different Sn contents (a) 0.01%Sn dendrite core, (b) 0.05%Sn dendrite core, (c) 0.10%Sn dendrite core, (d) 0.01%Sn interdendritic region, (e) 0.05%Sn interdendritic region, (f) 0.10%Sn interdendritic region

Fig.5 Volume fraction and average size of γ′ phase in dendrite core (a) and interdendritic regions (b) of as-cast alloys with varying Sn contents

Fig.6 Element distribution mapping of 0.10%Sn as-cast alloy

Fig.7 Element distribution mapping of the magnified region (a) in Fig.6

Fig.8 Segregation region of Sn element

Table 2 Elemental composition analysis of different regions (atomic fraction, %)

Fig.9 Ni-Sn binary phase diagram^[27]

Fig.10 Element distribution mapping of 0.10%Sn alloy after solution heat treatment

Fig.11 Room temperature tensile properties of alloys with different Sn contents

Fig.12 Creep properties of alloys with different Sn contents at 975 ^oC/255 MPa

[1]	Zhang H, Gong Y D, Liang C Y, et al. Effect of thermal exposure on subsurface microstructure evolution of nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD5 after milling [J]. J. Manuf. Process., 2023, 97: 210 doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.05.010
[2]	Choi B G, Kim I S, Hong H U, et al. Effect of Ti content on creep properties of Ni-base single crystal superalloys [J]. Met. Mater. Int., 2017, 23(5): 877 doi: 10.1007/s12540-017-7089-7
[3]	Xing Y F, Yin A B, Geng L L, et al. Advances in intelligent design of single crystal superalloys and protective coatings [J]. J. Aeronaut. Mater., 2024, 44(5): 70
	邢艺锋, 尹奥博, 耿粒伦等. 单晶合金与防护涂层智能设计进展 [J]. 航空材料学报, 2024, 44(5): 70 doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2024.000109
[4]	Gao Z Y, Chen H H, Chen X, et al. Ultra-high frequency vibration fatigue of DD6 single crystal superalloy simulating thin-walled specimens [J]. J. Aeronaut. Mater., 2023, 43(2): 98
	高至远, 陈皓晖, 陈新等. DD6单晶高温合金模拟薄壁试样超高频振动疲劳 [J]. 航空材料学报, 2023, 43(2): 98 doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2022.000096
[5]	Hu P Q, Wang D, Lu Y Z, et al. Effect of thermal processes on creep properties of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy [J]. Chin. J. Mater. Res., 2025, 39(3): 161 doi: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.055
	胡彭钦, 王栋, 卢玉章等. 热工艺对一种镍基单晶高温合金蠕变性能的影响 [J]. 材料研究学报, 2025, 39(3): 161 doi: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.055
[6]	Zhou Z R, Lü P S, Zhao G Q, et al. Stress rupture deformation mechanism of two "replacement of Re by W" type low-cost second-generation nickel based single crystal superalloys at elevated temperatures [J]. Chin. J. Mater. Res., 2023, 37(5): 371 doi: 10.11901/1005.3093.2021.630
	周章瑞, 吕培森, 赵国旗等. 两种“W替Re”型低成本第二代镍基单晶高温合金的高温持久变形机制 [J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(5): 371 doi: 10.11901/1005.3093.2021.630
[7]	Chen R Z, Liu L R, Guo S D, et al. Microstructural stability and stress rupture property of a 6Re/3Ru containing nickel-based single crystal superalloy [J]. Chin. J. Mater. Res., 2023, 37(10): 721 doi: 10.11901/1005.3093.2022.524
	陈瑞志, 刘丽荣, 郭圣东等. 一种6Re/3Ru镍基单晶高温合金微观组织的稳定性和高温持久性能 [J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(10): 721 doi: 10.11901/1005.3093.2022.524
[8]	Zhang J, Wang L, Wang D, et al. Recent progress in research and development of nickel-based single crystal superalloys [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2019, 55(9): 1077
	张健, 王莉, 王栋等. 镍基单晶高温合金的研发进展 [J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(9): 1077
[9]	Zhang H, Ding Q, Liu J D. Effect of pouring temperature on microstructure and durability of DD419 single crystal superalloy [J]. J. Aeronaut. Mater., 2025, 45(1): 70
	张辉, 丁强, 刘纪德. 浇注温度对DD419单晶高温合金组织及持久性能的影响 [J]. 航空材料学报, 2025, 45(1): 70
[10]	Xiao J H, Jiang W G, Li K W, et al. Manufacturing of large size nickel-based single crystal turbine guide vanes by grain continuator technology [J]. J. Aeronaut. Mater., 2023, 43(3): 21
	肖久寒, 姜卫国, 李凯文等. 利用引晶技术制备大尺寸镍基单晶涡轮导向叶片 [J]. 航空材料学报, 2023, 43(3): 21
[11]	Wang H M, Tang Y J, Zhang J H, et al. Solidification behaviours of a single-crystal Ni-base superalloy under lateral constraints [J]. Mater. Sci. Prog., 1993, 7(2): 99
	王华明, 唐亚俊, 张静华等. 单晶Ni基高温合金侧向约束条件下的凝固行为 [J]. 材料科学进展, 1993, 7(2): 99
[12]	Franke M M, Hilbinger R M, Lohmüller A, et al. The effect of liquid metal cooling on thermal gradients in directional solidification of superalloys: thermal analysis [J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2013, 213: 2081 doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.06.001
[13]	Brundidge C L, Miller J D, Pollock T M. Development of dendritic structure in the liquid-metal-cooled, directional-solidification process [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2011, 42A: 2723
[14]	Bondarenko Y A, Kablov E N. Directional crystallization of high-temperature alloys with elevated temperature gradient [J]. Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 2002, 44(7-8): 288 doi: 10.1023/A:1021203820254
[15]	Bondarenko Y A, Echin A B, Surova V A, et al. Special features of the structure of single-crystal refractory nickel alloy under directed crystallization [J]. Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 2017, 59: 39 doi: 10.1007/s11041-017-0099-8
[16]	Liu L, Sun D J, Huang T W, et al. Directional solidification under high thermal gradient and its application in superalloys processing [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2018, 54: 615 doi: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00075
	刘林, 孙德建, 黄太文等. 高梯度定向凝固技术及其在高温合金制备中的应用 [J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54: 615
[17]	Li X W, Wang L, Liu X G, et al. Microporosity reduction by liquid cooling process of a single crystal nickel based superalloy [J]. Chin. J. Mater. Res., 2014, 28(9): 656 doi: 10.11901/1005.3093.2014.172
	李相伟, 王莉, 刘心刚等. HRS和LMC工艺对第三代镍基单晶高温合金DD33中显微孔洞的影响 [J]. 材料研究学报, 2014, 28(9): 656 doi: 10.11901/1005.3093.2014.172
[18]	Fan Z D, Wang D, Liu C, et al. Low-cycle fatigue properties of nickel-based superalloys processed by high-gradient directional solidification [J]. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), 2017, 30: 878 doi: 10.1007/s40195-017-0563-x
[19]	Zhao K, Ma Y H, Lou L H. Improvement of creep rupture strength of a liquid metal cooling directionally solidified nickel-base superalloy by carbides [J]. J. Alloy. Compd., 2009, 475: 648 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.07.127
[20]	Zhang J, Lou L H. Directional solidification assisted by liquid metal cooling [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2007, 23: 289
[21]	Elliott A J, Pollock T M, Tin S, et al. Directional solidification of large superalloy castings with radiation and liquid-metal cooling: a comparative assessment [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2004, 35A: 3221
[22]	Shen J, Xu Z G, Lu Y Z, et al. Reaction of Ni-based superalloy with liquid Sn during liquid-metal-cooled directional solidification [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2018, 49A: 4003
[23]	Lohmüller A, Eßer W, Großmann J, et al. Improved quality and economics of investment castings by liquid metal cooling media-the selection of cooling media [A]. Green K, Pollock T M, Kissinger R, et al. Superalloys 2000: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium of Superalloys [M]. Warrendale, PA: TMS, 2000: 181
[24]	Dreshfield R L, Johnson W A, Maurer G A. Effects of tin on microstructure and mechanical behavior of Inconel 718 [C]. TMS-AIME Fall Metting, Detroit, Michigan, Sep., 1984: 1
[25]	Wood D R, Cook R M. Effects of trace elements on creep properties of nickel-base alloys [J]. Metallurgia, 1963, 67: 109
[26]	Chinese Society of Metals High Temperature Materials Branch. China Superalloys Handbook [M]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2012: 581
	中国金属学会高温材料分会. 中国高温合金手册 [M]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2012: 581
[27]	Peng P, Yang J, Li X Z, et al. Composition-dependent phase substitution in directionally solidified Sn-22at.%Ni peritectic alloy [J]. J Mater. Sci., 2016, 51: 1512 doi: 10.1007/s10853-015-9472-4
[28]	Mehrer H. Diffusion in Solids: Fundamentals, Methods, Materials, Diffusion-Controlled Processes [M]. Berlin: Springer, 2007: 123
[29]	Neumann G, Tölle V. Application of the modified electrostatic model to the impurity diffusion in nickel [J]. Appl. Phys., 1996, 63A(4) : 377

[1]	DAI Yuhang, WANG Yuemiao, BAI Yingbo, ZHANG Rui, ZHANG Weihong, ZHOU Zijian, TAO Xipeng, CUI Chuanyong. Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of GH4151 High-strength Nickel-based Superalloy Under Thermal Compression[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(3): 169-178.
[2]	Li Pu, HAO Xiaojie, YE Yi, ZHANG Rui, WANG Ying, WANG Kai, DING Bin, CUI Chuanyong, ZHAO Chunling. Effect of Temperature and Strain Rate on Tensile Deformation Behavior of GH4151 Ni-based High-temperature Alloy[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(3): 179-187.
[3]	WANG Quan, LI Yilei, PANG Jianchao, GAO Chong, YAO Di, ZHANG Hui, LI Shouxin, ZHANG Zhefeng. Quantitative Relationship of Microhardness with Tensile Properties of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(3): 188-200.
[4]	CAO Yunqi, ZHANG Zhiqiang, WANG Ran, JIA Qing, LI Diaofeng, BAI Chunguang, YANG Rui. Effect of Heat Treatment Procedures on Microstructure and Elastic Modulus of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(3): 201-209.
[5]	ZOU Jun, ZHAO Run, DAI Chenmin. Photoelectric Properties of WSe₂/BiFeO₃/Q2DEG Hybrid Heterojunctions[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(3): 210-216.
[6]	LV Yipeng, HUANG Qiuyan, LI Yingju, ZHENG Li, LUO Tianjiao, FENG Xiaohui, YANG Yuansheng. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Mn Alloy Sheet Prepared by Differential Speed Extrusion[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(2): 81-91.
[7]	ZHU Jingwei, YU Tingting, ZHANG Ke, WAN Guoxi, LI Jinghui, HUANG Zhong, LI Zhaodong, XU Dangwei, PENG Ningqi. Effect of Welding Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Coarse-grained Heat-affected Zone for Q620qENH Steel Welded Joints[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(2): 99-107.
[8]	LIU Weijun, ZHANG Guangtai, BIAN Hongyou, YU Xingfu, WANG Huiru, ZAO Yijie. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CoMoCrSi/Y₂O₃ Composite Coatings on DD5 Single Crystal Superalloy by Laser Melting Deposition[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(2): 108-118.
[9]	MENG Acong, SUN Yaoning, WU Pu, WEI Ning, Kashif Naseem. Effect of Mg Content on Discharge Performance of Al-air Battery Anode[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(2): 127-135.
[10]	ZHENG Jianjun, ZHANG Tao, CHEN Hao, LV Lei. Effect of High-temperature Aging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of GH4169 Nickel-based Superalloy[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(2): 143-151.
[11]	HAN Yang, LI Mengchen, YU Hongyue, QIAO Liang, SHEN Yuge, GAO Shanbin, JIAO Yilai, CHI Kebin. Synthesis of Hierarchical ZSM-22 Zeolite and its Catalytic Performance for Hydrogenation Isomerization of n-Dodecane[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(1): 1-12.
[12]	LIU Jiabao, GAO Xuefeng, ZHANG Haoyu, WANG Liang, WANG Yanhui, YUE Xiangang, MENG Jie, LI Jinguo, ZHOU Yizhou. Microstructure of DD5 Single Crystal High-temperature Alloy Prepared via Rapid Solidification Process by Using a Large Module with Dense Array of Seed Crystals[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(1): 13-22.
[13]	LIU Xuanye, LIU Yi, WANG Jing, XIAO Daheng, JIA Yunhang, LI Chunyu, LI Yunjie, YUAN Guo, WANG Guodong. Influence of Tempering Duration on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of Strain-aged Medium-manganese Steel with 2300 MPa Yield Strength[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(1): 31-38.
[14]	CHEN Qingan, LI Diaofeng, JIA Qing, WANG Ran, ZHANG Zhiqiang, BAI Chunguang. Effect of Rapid Electrical Heating on Microstructure Evolution in TC4 Alloy[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(1): 39-47.
[15]	WEI Jiayu, WANG Jingzhong, ZHAI Yazhong, ZHU Rui, CHE Hongyan. Effect of Powdering Technology on Microstructure and Properties of New Nickel-based ODS Alloy[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(1): 48-58.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed