Please wait a minute...
Chinese Journal of Materials Research  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (2): 136-142    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.135
ARTICLES Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Stress Measurement of Low Carbon Steel Pipe by Ultrasonic Method
YU Peng1, YANG Lijian1(), ZHENG Wenxue1, YANG Liang1,2
1.School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
2.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Cite this article: 

YU Peng, YANG Lijian, ZHENG Wenxue, YANG Liang. Stress Measurement of Low Carbon Steel Pipe by Ultrasonic Method. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(2): 136-142.

Download:  HTML  PDF(4151KB) 
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
Abstract  

Aiming to practical engineering applications, a quantitative non-destructive testing of stress within the elastic zone of low-carbon steel pipelines was tentatively studied via ultrasonic. Herewith, a two-wave method for measuring the the axial stress of pipes was proposed by taking the transverse isotropic characteristics and acoustic elasticity of low-carbon steel pipe materials into consideration,while the stress-acoustic time equation of the two-wave method was also established. Further, a method combining S-transform and cross-correlation is proposed to overcome the problem related with the low sensitivity of sound waves to low-stress regions so that to improve the accuracy of time measurement. Next, the axial compressive stress of a low-carbon steel pipes of 13 mm in thickness and 168 mm in outer diameter was measured by single-wave method and the double-wave method comparatively. The results proved that the double-wave method could achieve better linearity than the single-wave method, and the accuracy of stress measurement was improved by approximately 3%.

Key words:  material mechanics      pipe stress      acoustoelasticity      double-wave method      accuracy     
Received:  09 April 2025     
ZTFLH:  TG113.25+5  
Fund: National Key R & D Program of China(2023YFF0615300)
Corresponding Authors:  YANG Lijian, Tel: 18909837848, E-mail: 18909837848@163.com

URL: 

https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2025.135     OR     https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2026/V40/I2/136

Fig.1  Experimental device diagram
Fig.2  Structure of low carbon steel
Fig.3  Acquisition waveform
Fig.4  S-transform cross-correlation diagram
TypeIndexT12T23T34
CCt7.6927.6817.685
s0.013170.018260.01527
v0.0017120.0023770.001987
SCt7.686257.683687.68335
s0.0110250.0171640.014332
v0.00143280.00223390.0018653
Table 1  Comparison of time results table
Fig.5  Comparison of acousic time diagram
Stress / MPaL wave / μsSH wave / μs
Initial value4.181137.68438
104.181227.68344
204.181387.68095
304.181587.67828
404.181727.6792
504.181837.6750
604.181947.67592
704.182087.67328
804.182117.67099
904.182257.67116
1004.182277.66686
Table 2  Acoustic-stress table
Fig.6  L wave acoustic time stress diagram
Fig.7  SH wave acoustic time stress diagram
Fig.8  Single wave linear fitting diagram
Fig.9  Double-wave linear fitting diagram
Stress / MPaL waveSH waveDouble wave
107.25.76.8
2021.520.821.3
3037.837.137.7
4050.531.447.2
5059.356.958.7
6068.651.365.6
7080.867.376.6
8083.281.282.8
9095.180.291.2
10096.8106.399.1
Table 3  Measured stress data
Fig.10  SH shear and longitudinal comparison diagram
Fig.11  Comparison chart of measured stress linearity
Fig.12  Comparison diagram of error measurement results
[1] Xu C G, Wang J F, Song J F, et al. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing and in situ regulation technology of residual stress for oil and gas pipelines [J]. Petro. Sci. Bull., 2016, 1(3): 442
徐春广, 王俊峰, 宋剑峰 等. 油气管道焊接残余应力超声无损检测与原位调控技术 [J]. 石油科学通报, 2016, 1(3): 442
[2] Liu B, Tian R F, Yu H, et al. Research on the characteristics of weak magnetic internal detection signals for critical damage in pipeline stress based on density functional theory [J]. Eng. Fail. Anal., 2024, 159: 108145
[3] Yang L J, Zheng F Y, Gao S W, et al. An analytical model of electromagnetic stress detection for pipeline based on magneto-mechanical coupling model [J]. Chin. J. Sci. Ins., 2021, 42(8): 249
杨理践, 郑福印, 高松巍 等. 基于力磁耦合型的管道电磁应力检测解析模型研究 [J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2021, 42(8): 249
[4] Guo F, Zheng C W, Wang P, et al. Effect of rare earth elements on austenite-ferrite phase transformation kinetics of low carbon steels [J]. Chin. J. Mater. Res., 2023, 37(7): 495
郭 飞, 郑成武, 王 培 等. 稀土元素对低碳钢中奥氏体-铁素体相变动力学的影响 [J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(7): 495
[5] Luo H Y, Cao J C, Zeng M, et al. Effect of Zr on deformed austenite recrystallization and precipitates in Ti-microalloyed low carbon steel [J]. Chin. J. Mater. Res., 2022, 36(2): 123
罗瀚宇, 曹建春, 曾 敏 等. Zr对Ti微合金化低碳钢形变奥氏体再结晶和析出相的影响 [J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(2): 123
[6] Sheng M Q, Xu J F, Wan K, et al. Preparation and corrosion resistance performance of Fe-Ni alloy coating on surface of mild steel [J]. Chin. J. Master. Res., 2013, 27(2): 183
盛敏奇, 许继芳, 万 康 等. 低碳钢表面Fe-Ni合金层的制备及耐腐蚀性能 [J]. 材料研究学报, 2013, 27(2): 183
[7] Liu B, Wang F C, Wu Z H, et al. Research on magnetic memory inspection signal characteristics of multi-parameter coupling pipeline welds [J]. NDT & E Int., 2024, 143: 103019
[8] Yan L, Wan B L, Hu B, et al. Surface crack orientation detection method of stainless steels based on electromagnetic field [J]. China Mech. Eng., 2022, 33(9): 1057
闫 梁, 万本例, 胡 斌 等. 不锈钢表面裂纹方向电磁检测方法 [J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(9): 1057
[9] Kuang C F, Zhang S G, Li J, et al. Effect of rapid heat treatment on bake hardening behavior of a low carbon steel [J]. Chin. J. Mater. Res., 2014, 28(4): 262
邝春福, 张深根, 李 俊 等. 快速热处理对低碳钢烘烤硬化性能的影响 [J]. 材料研究学报, 2014, 28(4): 262
[10] Kurashkin K V. Study of the acoustoelastic effect in an anisotropic plastically deformed material [J]. Acoust. Phys., 2019, 65(3): 316
[11] Wang Y Q, Li Y P, Liu H B, et al. Theoretical and experimental analysis of influence of in-plane anisotropy on ultrasonic velocity in aluminum [J]. Mater. Eval., 2019, 77(5): 613
[12] Pan Q X, Chang M L, Pan R P, et al. Research on nonlinear ultrasonic testing technology of bolt axial stress [J]. J. Mech. Eng., 2021, 57(22): 88
潘勤学, 常梅乐, 潘瑞鹏 等. 螺栓轴向应力的非线性超声检测技术研究 [J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(22): 88
[13] Zhang B Q, Xin Y F, Chen S, et al. Measurement method of bolt axial stress using ultrasonic amplitude difference [J]. China Meas. Test. Technol., 2022, 48(11): 15
张葆青, 辛越峰, 陈 爽 等. 超声幅值差法测量螺栓轴向应力研究 [J]. 中国测试, 2022, 48(11): 15
[14] He C F, Wang Y K, Gao J, et al. Development of surface wave phase-controlled frequency-conversion electromagnetic acoustic transducer [J]. Chin. J. Sci. Ins., 2024, 45(5): 90
何存富, 王永慷, 高 杰 等. 表面波相控变频电磁声传感器的研制 [J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2024, 45(5): 90
[15] Tokuoka T, Saito M. Elastic wave propagations and acoustical birefringence in stressed crystals [J]. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1969, 45(5): 1241
[16] Abbasi Z, Ozevin D. The influence of ultrasonic frequency on shear stress measurement using acoustoelasticity [J]. AIP Conf. Proc., 2016, 1706(1): 070010
[17] Thompson R B, Gray T A. A model relating ultrasonic scattering measurements through liquid-solid interfaces to unbounded medium scattering amplitudes [J]. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1983, 74(4): 1279
[18] Xu C G, Li P L. Stress-free manufacturing technology [J]. J. Mech. Eng., 2020, 56(8): 113
徐春广, 李培禄. 无应力制造技术 [J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(8): 113
[19] Li Y K, Yu W G, Liu L, et al. A novel method for evaluating biaxial stresses by ultrasonic critical refracted longitudinal waves [J]. J. Test. Eval., 2020, 48(4): 2597
[20] Li Y P, Liu H B, Wang Y Q, et al. Acoustoelastic effect simulation by time-space finite element formulation based on quadratic interpolation of the acceleration [J]. Wave Motion, 2020, 93: 102465
[21] Chaki S, Bourse G. Stress level measurement in prestressed steel strands using acoustoelastic effect [J]. Exp. Mech., 2009, 49: 673
[22] Hughes D S, Kelly J L. Second-order elastic deformation of solids [J]. Phys. Rev., 1953, 92(5): 1145
[23] Solie L P, Auld B A. Elastic waves in free anisotropic plates [J]. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1973, 54: 50
[24] Sotiropoulos D A, Sifniotopoulos C G. Interfacial waves in pre-stressed incompressible elastic interlayers [J]. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1995, 43(3): 365
[25] Toupin R A, Bernstein B. Sound waves in deformed perfectly elastic materials. Acoustoelastic effect [J]. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1961, 33(2): 216
[26] Tverdokhlebov A. On the acoustoelastic effect [J]. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1983, 73(6): 2006
[27] Barth M, Raabe A. Acoustic tomographic imaging of temperature and flow fields in air [J]. Meas. Sci. Technol., 2011, 22(3): 035102
[28] Pao Y H, Gamer U. Acoustoelastic waves in orthotropic media [J]. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1985, 77(3): 806
[29] Thurston R N, Brugger K. Third-order elastic constants and the velocity of small amplitude elastic waves in homogeneously stressed media [J]. Phys. Rev., 1964, 135: AB3
[30] Hearmon R F S. ‘Third-order’ elastic coefficients [J]. Acta Crystallogr., 1953, 6: 331
[1] SU Nan, CHEN Minghe, XIE Lansheng, LUO Feng, SHI Wenxiang. Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics and Constitutive Model of TC2 Ti-alloy[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(3): 201-208.
No Suggested Reading articles found!