奥氏体不锈钢的显微硬度与拉伸性能的关系

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.109

材料研究学报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (3): 188-200 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.109

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

奥氏体不锈钢的显微硬度与拉伸性能的关系

王权¹^,³, 李一磊², 庞建超¹^,⁴(

), 高崇⁴, 姚迪², 张辉³, 李守新⁴, 张哲峰⁴

^1.中国科学院金属研究所中国科学院核用材料与安全评价重点实验室沈阳 110016
^2.中国核动力研究设计院反应堆工程研究所成都 610213
^3.东北大学材料电磁过程研究教育部重点实验室沈阳 110819
^4.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016

Quantitative Relationship of Microhardness with Tensile Properties of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

WANG Quan¹^,³, LI Yilei², PANG Jianchao¹^,⁴(

), GAO Chong⁴, YAO Di², ZHANG Hui³, LI Shouxin⁴, ZHANG Zhefeng⁴

^1.Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.Reactor Engineering Research Sub_Institute, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
^4.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

王权, 李一磊, 庞建超, 高崇, 姚迪, 张辉, 李守新, 张哲峰. 奥氏体不锈钢的显微硬度与拉伸性能的关系[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(3): 188-200.
Quan WANG, Yilei LI, Jianchao PANG, Chong GAO, Di YAO, Hui ZHANG, Shouxin LI, Zhefeng ZHANG. Quantitative Relationship of Microhardness with Tensile Properties of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(3): 188-200.

全文: PDF(18859 KB) HTML

摘要:

将316L奥氏体不锈钢进行固溶处理和轧制，其抗拉强度为667~1363 MPa。进行这种材料的室温拉伸实验并测试其显微硬度，用激光共聚焦显微镜观察并测量压痕的形态和几何尺寸；使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和电子背散射衍射技术表征其物相组成、组织形态和晶粒尺寸演变。结果表明:在材料内部出现了变形孪晶和剪切带，且应变诱发了马氏体相变。用不同工艺处理的试样其显微硬度、抗拉强度和强度系数提高。测试显微硬度时产生了堆积型硬度压痕，显微硬度与屈服强度间线性关系的误差逐渐减小，但是与抗拉强度之间存在较为准确的线性关系。采用铜合金的数据对此进行了验证。

关键词 ：金属材料, 显微硬度, 拉伸性能, 加工硬化

Abstract：

The as received 55 mm rod of 316L austenitic stainless steel was first subjected to solution treatment, and then followed by 40% cold rolling, 90% warm rolling, and 90% cold rolling respectively. The above four states of 316L austenitic stainless steel presents tensile strengths ranging from 667 MPa to 1363 MPa. Next, their room-temperature tensile strength and microhardness were measured by means of universal testing machine and micro-hardness tester. The morphology and geometric dimensions of their indentations were observed and measured using laser confocal microscopy. The phase composition, microstructure, and grain size evolution were characterized by X-ray diffraction technology, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. The results indicate that the deformation twins and shear bands appear, and the strain induces martensite phase transformation. The microhardness, tensile strength and strength coefficient of the steels proceeded through different procedures are all enhanced. The hardness indentations of the steels present different pattern types, including the accumulation-type, and different patterns correspond to different hardness-strength relationships, among others, there is a relatively accurate linear relationship between the microhardness and tensile strength for the hardness with accumulation-type indentation pattern, and which was further verified with the data of copper alloys. It is believed that the findings may provide a valuable reference for the prediction and application of the relationship between strength and hardness of metal materials.

Key words： metallic materials Vickers hardness tensile properties work-hardening

收稿日期: 2025-03-14

ZTFLH:

TG337.5

基金资助:中核集团领创科研项目(CNNC-LCKY-202286);国家自然科学基金(52130002)

通讯作者: 庞建超，研究员，jcpang@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为材料疲劳与断裂

Corresponding author: PANG Jianchao, Tel: (024)83978879, E-mail: jcpang@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 王权，男，1999年生，硕士

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2025.109 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2026/V40/I3/188

图1 316L不锈钢的维氏硬度及压痕尺寸测量方法示意图

图2 316L不锈钢拉伸试样的尺寸

图3 固溶和轧制后316L不锈钢的形貌和晶粒尺寸统计

图4 将316L不锈钢进行4种工艺处理后的XRD谱

图5 4种316L不锈钢试样轧制面的晶粒形态和取向示意图

图6 4种316L不锈钢试样轧制面的GND分布和密度示意图

图7 90CR和90WR试样的组织形态和眼状纳米孪晶束结构

图8 4种试样的硬度变化示意图、硬度的参数变化示意图和分布直方图

表1 4种试样的力学性能参数[16]和压痕尺寸

图9 4种试样的硬度压痕形貌和截面测量示意图

图10 4种试样的应变硬化率曲线和真应力-应变曲线

图11 316L不锈钢在固溶和轧制处理过程中的组织演化机理

图12 4种试样的硬度与强度系数、应变硬化指数、压痕深度和堆积高度的关系

表2 4种试样的硬屈比和硬强比

图13 4种试样的硬度与屈服强度以及抗拉强度之间的关系示意图

表3 Cu-Be合金拉伸性能和硬屈比、硬强比参数

图14 Cu-Be合金的硬度与屈服强度以及抗拉强度之间的关系示意图

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