新型高温超导材料研究进展

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2015.111

材料研究学报

2015, Vol. 29

Issue (4): 241-254 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2015.111

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

新型高温超导材料研究进展

闻海虎

南京大学物理学院固体微结构国家重点实验室人工微结构科学与技术协同创新中心超导物理和材料研究中心南京 210093

Development of Research on New High Temperature Superconductors

Haihu WEN

Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

引用本文:

闻海虎. 新型高温超导材料研究进展[J]. 材料研究学报, 2015, 29(4): 241-254.
Haihu WEN. Development of Research on New High Temperature Superconductors[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2015, 29(4): 241-254.

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摘要:

超导自从1911年被发现以来, 研究对象经历了从简单金属, 到合金, 再到复杂化合物, 超导转变温度也逐渐提升, 目前已经提升到164 K(高压测量)。在研究新型高温超导材料的过程中, 对超导物理的理解也不断更新。在超导领域取得巨大成功的Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer理论, 似乎在一些新型的非常规超导体中不再适用, 因此非常规超导机理的理解也面临重大突破。本文将简单介绍目前发现的三类高温超导体: 铜氧化物超导体, 铁基超导体和二硼化镁超导体。结合目前研究中的一些经验, 对如何寻找新型超导体提出展望。

关键词 ：超导体, 超导电性, 库柏对, 探索新型超导体

Abstract：

Since discovered in 1911, the superconductors have evolved from single element, alloy to complex compounds with multiple elements.So far the proved highest superconducting transition temperature is 164 K (under pressure). In the long time of investigation on superconductivity, the understanding on the superconducting mechanism has been promoted significantly. The BCS theory which was greatly successful in describing the conventional superconductivity now is challenged by the new phenomena in some unconventional superconductors.Therefore the investigation of high temperature superconductivity mechanism is also at the dawn of major breakthrough. In this short overview, we will give a survey on the three families of high temperature superconductors, namely cuprates, iron based superconductors. Based on the experience accumulated in past decades, we propose some ideas in exploring high temperature superconductors.

Key words： superconductivity superconductivity mechanism cooper paring exploration of new superconductors

收稿日期: 2014-08-12

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金11034011/A0402, 国家重点基础研究发展计划2011CBA00102和2012CB821403及高校985计划资助。

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2015.111 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2015/V29/I4/241

图1 超导体的转变温度随被发现的时间的关系

表1 超导体的简单分类和每个系列的最高温度

图2 几种铜氧化物超导体立体结构(A)和CuO2的平面结构图(B)[6]

图3 以Hg系为代表的, 每个晶胞中含有1层, 2层和3层CuO2面的三种超导体结构图[6]

图4 铜氧化物高温超导体电子态相图

图5 巡游电子通过交换反铁磁涨落形成配对的物理图像。正方形的框显示铜氧化物超导体的布里渊区

图6 高温超导体混合态相图图示。在很高的温度磁通系统会出现固态向液态的转变。低磁场下是Meissner态。中磁场区域是布拉格磁通玻璃区域, 其融化是一级融化(FOT, First-Order-Melting)

图7 REBa2Cu3O7-d (REBCO, RE为Y或者稀土元素)和Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (Bi-2212) 和Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O12 (Bi-2223) 材料本征不可逆磁场随温度的变化[20]

图8 以REBa2Cu3O7-d (RE=Y和 Gd, Sm, Nd等稀土元素)为基础的二代带材制备示意图

图9 LaFeAsO和BaFe2As2结构示意图

图10 目前铁基超导体所发现的几个主要结构体系和相应的超导转变温度

图11 铁基超导体与其他超导体系上临界磁场的比较[45]

图12 二硼化镁超导体的结构图和顶视图

图13 二硼化镁超导体的费米面

图14 铜氧化物和铁基超导电子态相图的比较

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