Development of Research on New High Temperature Superconductors

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2015.111

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2015, Vol. 29

Issue (4): 241-254 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2015.111

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Development of Research on New High Temperature Superconductors

Haihu WEN

Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

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Haihu WEN. Development of Research on New High Temperature Superconductors. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2015, 29(4): 241-254.

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Abstract

Since discovered in 1911, the superconductors have evolved from single element, alloy to complex compounds with multiple elements.So far the proved highest superconducting transition temperature is 164 K (under pressure). In the long time of investigation on superconductivity, the understanding on the superconducting mechanism has been promoted significantly. The BCS theory which was greatly successful in describing the conventional superconductivity now is challenged by the new phenomena in some unconventional superconductors.Therefore the investigation of high temperature superconductivity mechanism is also at the dawn of major breakthrough. In this short overview, we will give a survey on the three families of high temperature superconductors, namely cuprates, iron based superconductors. Based on the experience accumulated in past decades, we propose some ideas in exploring high temperature superconductors.

Key words: superconductivity superconductivity mechanism cooper paring exploration of new superconductors

Received: 12 August 2014

Fund: *Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 11034011/A0402, National Basic Research Program of China Nos. 2011CBA00102 & 2012CB821403, and the Project 985.

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Fig.1 Superconducting transition temperatures versus the time of discovery of the corresponding superconductors

Table 1 Brief categorization and the highest transition temperatures of different superconducting families

Fig.2 Several kinds of typical cuprate superconductors (A) and the commonly shared CuO₂ planes (B)

Fig.3 The skeleton structures of three kinds of the Hg-based cuprates with 1, 2 and 3 layers of CuO₂ planes in one unit cell

Fig.4 The electronic phase diagram of cuprate superconductors

Fig.5 The Brillouin zone of the cuprate superconductors. This is an illustration of the scattering of paired electrons with opposite momentum

Fig.6 The phase diagram of mixed (vortex) state. In the high temperature region, the vortex system will change from solid to liquid. The low field region represents the Meissner state. In the low temperature region, the vortex line (or pancake) can hop between two neighbor pinning centers through a quantum tunneling process

Fig.7 The temperature dependence of the irreversibility line of the REBa₂Cu₃O_7-_d (REBCO, RE represents Y or other rare earth elements), Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈ (Bi-2212) and Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₂ (Bi-2223)

Fig.8 Schematic show of the deposition process of coating conductor of REBa₂Cu₃O_7-_d (RE=Y and Gd, Sm, Nd)

Fig.9 The skeleton of the atomic structure (a) LaFeAsO and (b) BaFe₂As₂

Fig.10 Known FeAs- and NiAs-based superconductors

Fig.11 Upper critical fields of iron based superconductors and other high temperature (YBaCuO) and practical superconductors^[45]

Fig.12 Schematic show of the structure (a) and the top view (b) of MgB₂

Fig.13 The Fermi surface of the MgB₂ superconductor

Fig.14 Comparison of the electronic phase diagram of(upper) cuprate and (bottom) iron based superconductors

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