金属间化合物的合成及其催化应用

侯志全,郭萌,刘雨溪,邓积光,戴洪兴

Synthesis of Intermetallic Compounds and Their Catalytic Applications

Zhiquan HOU,Meng GUO,Yuxi LIU,Jiguang DENG,Hongxing DAI

表1 文献报道的金属间化合物的合成方法、物理性质和催化活性

Table 1 Synthesis methods, physical properties, and catalytic activities of intermetallic compounds reported in the literature

Intermetallic compound Synthesis method Crystal phase Particle size Reaction condition Catalytic performance Ref. Pd5Ga3 Chemical reduction Orthorhomibc 5.3 nm 0.5% CH4, 4% O2, N2 balance; space velocity (SV): 80000 mL/(g·h) T90% is lower to 372oC, the special reaction rate of Pd is 23.32×10-6 mol/(gPd s) at 290oC. [12] Ni3Ga, Ni3Sn2 Chemical reduction Cubic 3.5~7.5 nm Pretreated with H2; 1 mmol substrate and 0.5 mmol n-dodecane; H2: 500 kPa; 1300 r/min After 13 h continuous reaction, the conversion of various types of alkyne reached more than 90%, and the selectivity of olefins was over 94%. [15] PdmMn (M=Ge, In, Sn, Zn) Gas-phase reduction - - 12.5% butylene, butylene: O2=1:1, He (balance); total gas flow rate: 120 mL/min PdIn, PdBi or Pd3Fe catalysts show high selectivity for 1,3-Butadiene and 1-butene (more than 50%) and high yield. [20] Pd2Ga and PdZn Gas-phase reduction Cubic - H2O/CH3OH=1.0, total gas flow rate: 26 mL/min, methanol concentration: 28.4% PdZnAl exhibited the best catalytic activity, with 87% hydrogen selectivity at 250oC and hydrogen generation rate of 964 μmol/(g·min). [21] Ni3Sn, Ni3Sn2, Ni3Sn2, Ni3Sn4 Arc melting - 25~38 μm The partial pressures of acetylene and hydrogen are 2.7 and 13 kPa, respectively. The acetylene conversion rates of Ni3Sn, Ni3Sn2 and Ni3Sn4 are 2.3×10-6 mol/(g·s), 0.6×10-6 mol/(g·s) and less than 0.001×10-6 mol/(g·s), respectively. [22] Pt3Sn Polyol process - 5.2±1.0 nm O2/CO=6:1; room temperature The initiation temperature of CO oxidation on Pt3Sn is lower than that on the Pt catalyst. [31] Pt3Ti Chemical reduction Cubic 2.5 nm 2 % CO, 1% O2, 97% He, space velocity (SV): 120000 mL/(g·h) The ignition temperature of CO oxidation on Pt3Ti catalyst is 125oC, which is lower than that on single Pt catalyst. [43] Ni2Si, NiSi or NiSi2 Chemical vapor deposition Cubic 3~4 nm H2/CO=3:1, Ar balance, space velocity (SV): 48000 mL/(g·h) The activity of CO methanation on Ni-Si catalyst is much higher than that on single nickel catalyst, with enhanced stability of nickel sintering resistance at high temperature (500~600oC). [49] NiZn Thermal annealing Cubic 20~32 μm methanol:H2O=1:1; 0.01 mL/min, N2: 13.2 mL/min, He: 1.6 mL/min NiZn catalyst has good catalytic performance for methanol reforming (80% conversion at 550oC) and good hydrogen selectivity (70%). [57]