Recent Development for Preparation Processes of Sm2Fe17N x Powders with High Magnetic Properties

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2021.279

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2022, Vol. 36

Issue (5): 321-331 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2021.279

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Recent Development for Preparation Processes of Sm₂Fe₁₇N _x Powders with High Magnetic Properties

HE Ying¹, LI Chaoqun¹, CHEN Xiaoli¹, LONG Zhimei¹, LAI Jiaqi¹, SHAO Bin¹^,²(

), MA Yilong¹^,²(

), CHEN Dengming¹^,², DONG Jiling¹^,²

^1.School of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
^2.Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Composites and Devices, Chongqing 401331, China

Cite this article:

HE Ying, LI Chaoqun, CHEN Xiaoli, LONG Zhimei, LAI Jiaqi, SHAO Bin, MA Yilong, CHEN Dengming, DONG Jiling. Recent Development for Preparation Processes of Sm₂Fe₁₇N _x Powders with High Magnetic Properties. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2022, 36(5): 321-331.

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Abstract

The rapid development of new energy vehicles requires permanent magnet materials that can work stably in the temperature range of 120℃~200℃. Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ with Curie temperature of 476℃ and anisotropic field of 14.7 T has excellent intrinsic magnetic properties, and can be used in this temperature range. In order to improve the magnetic properties of Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ powder, the particle size of which should be reduced to the critical size close to a single domain, so that to gain high anisotropic field; Meanwhile, surface oxidation caused by particle size reduction should be avoided to ensure high remanence magnetism and maximum magnetic energy product. High performance Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ can be prepared by powder crushing, mechanical alloying, strip casting, thin strip continuous casting, reduction diffusion and surface plating. At the present, the coercivity and maximum magnetic energy product of Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ powder prepared in laboratory have reached 28.1 kOe and 43.6 MGOe respectively. In this paper, the research results on the preparation of Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ powders in recent years are reviewed, including preparation methods and the relevant mechanism, and key problems that remain to be solved, namely the relation of the coercivity and remanence of Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ powder with the particle size, as well as with the particle magnetic domain structure；the mechanism related with the enhanced effect H₂ within the gas mixture NH₃/H₂ on the nitriding efficiency of the powder still needs to be revealed; further the secondary crushing technique in low oxygen pressures, which can prepare particles with uniform distribution of particle size, while adjust their morphology, remains to be developed; for the present reduction diffusion method, new precursors, and their preparation methods suitable for massive production, and water washing technology for rapid removal of calcium by-products were also needed to develop.

Key words: review metallic material Sm₂Fe₁₇N _x magnetic properties preparation methods

Received: 29 April 2021

ZTFLH:

TM27

Fund: Postgraduate Innovation Program of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(YKJCX2020215);Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0162);The Key Project of Chongqing Ministry of Education(KJZD-M201801501);Chongqing University Innovation Research Team(CXQT19031)

About author: MA Yilong, Tel: 13629700021, E-mail: yilongma@163.com
SHAO Bin, Tel: 13648368178, E-mail: shaobin19811107@163.com;

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	Ying HE
	Chaoqun LI
	Xiaoli CHEN
	Zhimei LONG
	Jiaqi LAI
	Bin SHAO
	Yilong MA
	Dengming CHEN
	Jiling DONG

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2021.279 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2022/V36/I5/321

Table 1 Comparison of the intrinsic magnetic properties of Nd₂Fe₁₄B and Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃^[16~19]

Fig.1 Relationship between (BH)_max of Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ and (NdDy)FeB and temperature^[20]

Fig.2 Bitter patterns of Sm₂Fe₁₇N _x powders before (a) and after (b) ball milling and Changes of coercivity and oxygen content with ball milling time^[35] (c)

Fig.3 XRD patterns (a, b), SEM images (c, d) and hyste-resis loops (e) of Sm₂Fe₁₇N _x powders were obtained by different milling times at low temperature and room temperature, respec-tively^[38]

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of preparing Sm₂Fe₁₇ by me-chanical alloying with planetary milling combined with plasma discharge technology (a) and demagnetization curve of Sm₂Fe₁₇N _x samples after nitridation^[44] (b)

Fig.5 Preparation of Sm₂(FeCu)₁₇N _x by strip casting method and ball mill crushing technology (a) XRD of SmFeCu, SmFeCuN, SmFeN; (b) Backscattering image of SmCu phase in SmFeCuN; (c) SEM image of SmFeCuN powder and (d) Ob-taining the hysteresis loop of SmFeCuN powder with different milling time^[46]

Fig.6 Reduction diffusion method preparation process (a); Images of the bulk body after reduction and diffusion (not ni-tridation) (b) and after nitridation (c) and SEM image of Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ powders after washing^[50] (d)

Fig.7 Precursors were prepared by sol-gel method^[29] (a), coprecipitation method^[10] (b), hydrothermal method^[54] (c) and solvopyrolysis method^[56], SEM image and magnetization curve of Sm₂Fe₁₇N _x obtained after reduction and diffusion treatment (d)

Fig.8 New preparation process of reduction diffusion method (slow oxidation treatment) (a) and the SR-XRD patterns (b, d) and demagnetization curves of the samples^[11] (c, e)

Fig.9 Schematic diagrams of nitrogen distribution proﬁles for single nitrogen diffusion process (a) and grain growth pro-cess of the fully-nitride phase of Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ (FN) from the ni-trogen-poor phase of Sm₂Fe₁₇N _x (NP, x<3)^[62] (b)

Fig.10 Flow chart and schematic of the preparation of the Sm₂Fe₁₇N _x /Sm₂(Fe,Mn)₁₇N _x core-shell powder (a); Cross-sectional SEM and elemental mapping images of Mn-diffused Sm-Fe powder (b); demagnetization curves before and after heat treatment for Mn-diffused Sm-Fe-N core-shell powder (c) and Mn-free Sm-Fe-N powder^[63] (d); Rate of increase in coercivity of Zn-coated Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ powders as function of average thickness of Zn layer^[66] (e)

Table 2 Sm₂Fe₁₇N _x prepared by different preparation process: nitriding conditions, physical and magnetic properties

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