含<strong>Al</strong>耐热奥氏体不锈钢的团簇式成分设计

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2021.113

材料研究学报

2022, Vol. 36

Issue (5): 353-364 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2021.113

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

含Al耐热奥氏体不锈钢的团簇式成分设计

张姝琪¹, 董丹丹²(

), 万鹏³, 王清¹, 董闯¹(

), 杨锐⁴

^1.大连理工大学三束材料改性教育部重点实验室材料科学与工程学院大连 116024
^2.大连大学物理科学与技术学院大连 116622
^3.佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司佛山 528300
^4.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016

Composition Design of Alumina-Forming Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Cluster-Plus-Glue-Atom Model

ZHANG Shuqi¹, DONG Dandan²(

), WAN Peng³, WANG Qing¹, DONG Chuang¹(

), YANG Rui⁴

^1.Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
^2.College of Physical Science and Technology, Dalian University, 116622, China
^3.Foshan Shunde Midea Electrical Heating Appliances Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Foshan 528300, China
^4.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

张姝琪, 董丹丹, 万鹏, 王清, 董闯, 杨锐. 含Al耐热奥氏体不锈钢的团簇式成分设计[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(5): 353-364.
Shuqi ZHANG, Dandan DONG, Peng WAN, Qing WANG, Chuang DONG, Rui YANG. Composition Design of Alumina-Forming Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Cluster-Plus-Glue-Atom Model[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2022, 36(5): 353-364.

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摘要:

表面生成Al2O3保护膜的奥氏体不锈钢具有良好的高温服役性能,为了使Al强烈促进铁素体的生成需要精确匹配奥氏体稳定元素Ni和Al的含量。为此,本文先引入“团簇加连接原子”结构模型,解析该类不锈钢的成分特征,确定其16原子团簇式,进而结合当量计算并基于橡树岭实验室推出的成分,固定C含量(质量分数)为0.1%,设计了固定Ni含量提高Al(代替Cr)含量和固定Al含量提高Ni(代替Fe)含量两个成分系列,分别为Al _x Si_0.05Nb_0.15-Fe_8.7Ni_3.0Mn_0.3-Cr_3.6-_x Mo_0.2(x=0.8,1.0和1.1)和Al₁Si_0.05Nb_0.15-Fe_11.7-_y Ni _y Mn_0.3-Cr_2.6Mo_0.2(y=3.2,3.4,3.7和4.0),研究了Ni和Al的不同匹配对固溶水淬(1250℃/1.5 h)加时效态(800℃/24 h)奥氏体稳定性的影响。Ni含量为3.0的16原子团簇式,Al含量为0.8时为单相奥氏体；Al含量为1.0和1.1时,奥氏体失稳而铁素体形成。在Al含量为1.0的16原子团簇式中,Ni含量为3.2~4.0时均为单相奥氏体。即在16原子团簇式模型下Al_0.8(2.45%)和Al₁(3.08%)分别需要Ni_3.0(20.00%)和Ni_3.2(21.43%)以避免形成铁素体,最终确定该类不锈钢的理想团簇式为[(Al,Si,Nb)₁-(Fe,Ni,Mn)₁₂](Cr,Mo,W)₃。

关键词 ：金属材料, 含Al不锈钢, “团簇加连接原子”结构模型, 耐热奥氏体不锈钢, 合金化, 组织稳定性

Abstract：

Alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) stainless steel has good high-temperature-oxidation resistance owing to the addition of Al. However, Al may strongly promote the formation of ferrite, which can seriously decrease the creep resistance of the steel. In order to form single-phase austenite, the amount of austenitic stable elements Ni and Al should be accurately tailored. Therefore, the alumina-forming 190 heat resistant stainless steels were analyzed with the so called cluster-plus-glue-atom model, which was previously developed by our group. In the present case, a 16-atom-cluster formula, including 1 center atom, 12 shell atoms and 3 glue atoms, simplified as [Al₁-Fe₁₂]-Cr₃, is adopted,while the composition proposed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the equivalent complementation of Ni and Cr are taken into consideration. Thereby, two series of AFA stainless steels with a constant carbon content of 0.1% (mass fraction) are designed as: Al _x Si_0.05Nb_0.15-Fe_8.7Ni_3.0Mn_0.3-Cr_3.6-_x Mo_0.2(x=0.8, 1.0 and 1.1) and Al₁Si_0.05Nb_0.15-Fe_11.7-_y Ni _y Mn_0.3-Cr_2.6Mo_0.2 (y=3.2, 3.4, 3.7 and 4.0), namely, fixed Ni, but varying Al (instead of Cr) content for the former series, and fixed Al, but varying Ni (instead of Fe) content for the later ones, respectively. The effect of solution treatment (1250℃/1.5 h) plus water quenching and the above treatment plus aging treatment (800℃/24 h) on the two series alloys was carefully characterized by means of X-ray diffractometer, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and Vickers hardness tester. Results show that for the alloys with fixed Ni content of 3.0 designed according to the 16-atom-cluster formula, the matrix is single-phase austenite when Al is 0.8; while ferrite is formed when Al is 1.0 and 1.1. For the alloys with fixed Al of 1.0, the matrix remains single-phase austenite when Ni ranges from 3.2 to 4.0. However, Ni_3.2 is enough to avoid the formation of ferrite, while also conforming to economic principle. The ideal cluster formula of AFA stainless steels is identified as [(Al,Si,Nb)₁-(Fe,Ni,Mn)₁₂](Cr,Mo,W)₃, which describes the average distribution of atoms in alloys.

Key words： metallic materials AFA stainless steels cluster-plus-glue-atom model heat resistant austenitic stainless steel alloying structural stability

收稿日期: 2021-01-24

ZTFLH:

TG142.25

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51801017);大连市科技创新基金重点学科(研究方向)重大课题项目(2020JJ25CY004);顺德区科技计划(201911220001)

作者简介: 张姝琪,女,1989年生,博士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2021.113 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2022/V36/I5/353

表1 中心原子、壳层原子和连接原子之间的混合焓

表2 设计合金的团簇成分式、标记、元素含量、硬度、计算强度(根据奥氏体不锈钢维氏硬度与拉伸强度的换算公式[30]计算)及当量(根据Uggowitzer的当量公式[24]计算)

图1 基于团簇结构模型的含铝奥氏体不锈钢的成分设计思路

图2 设计合金经1250℃/1.5 h固溶处理和800℃/24 h时效处理的XRD谱

图3 晶格常数a与Nieq/Creq当量比的关系

图4 系列合金Al0.8Ni3.0、Al1.0Ni3.0、Al1.1Ni3.0以及Al1.0Ni3.2经1250℃/1.5 h固溶处理后和经800℃/24 h时效后的金相组织

图5 系列合金Al0.8Ni3.0、Al1.0Ni3.0、Al1.1Ni3.0、Al1.0Ni3.2、Al1.0Ni3.4、Al1.0Ni3.7以及Al1.0Ni4.0经过800℃/24 h时效后的二次电子形貌

图6 给出了系列合金的典型背散射照片

图7 设计合金及参考文献中的190个含铝奥氏体不锈钢[10~21]在Schaeffler组织结构图[31]上的分布

图8 固溶态和时效态的显微硬度与相对奥氏体稳定能力Nieq/Creq的关系

图9 设计合金根据硬度计算得到的估算强度

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